CP1: Acute Inflammation Flashcards
Name 4 macroscopic changes during inflammation
- Redness
- Swelling
- Heat
- Pain
Name 6 microscopic changes during inflammation
- Initial constriction then dilation of vessels
- Increased blood flow
- Increased permeability
- Formation of exudate
- Migration of leucocytes
- Oedema
What are 4 advantages of the blood vessels increasing in permeability after inflammation?
- Enhances migration of cells
- Dilution of toxins
- Stimulates immune response
- Deposition of proteins e.g. fibrin to form mechanical barrier
Explain what happens to the white cells during inflammation 3
- Movement of white cells from blood flow to focus of injury
- Chemotaxis
- Phagocytosis
During inflammation what is the first cell to turn up?
Neutrophil Polymorphs
What is chemotaxis?
Movement of organism from a chemical stimulus
What are the 3 stages of phagocytosis?
- Recognition and attachment
- Engulfment
- Killing and degradation
Where are the mediators found? 3
- Circulating in plasma
- Intracellular
- Released from damaged tissue
What are the 2 types of intracellular mediators?
- Preformed
- Synthesised
What are the 6 clinical features of acute inflammation?
- Pyrexia
- Drowsiness
- Lethargy
- Leukocytosis
- Decreased appetite
- Acute phase proteins in blood
Define acute inflammation
The response of living tissue to injury
Explain the process of white blood cell
- Margination
- Pavementing
- Transmigration
WBCs build up around injury
These then line up next to injury site (hole)
Then transmigrate through hole to neutralise injury
Which cell is most prevalent in response to an allergy?
Eosinophils
Name some stimuli for chemotaxis
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Immune complexes
- Toxins
- Complement components
- Lipoxygenase products
- White cell breakdown products
During the recognition an attachment stage of phagocytosis, what is opsonisation?
We produce opsinonomes which coat the microbes to help with further recognition
