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BDS2: FHHD > CP3: Repair of Tissue Damage > Flashcards

CP3: Repair of Tissue Damage Flashcards

1
Q

What is always an outcome of tissue loss and destruction?

A

Inflammation occurs in all cases

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2
Q

What are the 4 stages of tissue repair?

A
  • Hemostasis
  • Inflammation
  • Proliferation
  • Remodelling
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3
Q

Define regeneration

A

Replacement of injured cells with cells of the same type

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4
Q

Define resolution

A

The complete return to normal structure and function after injury

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5
Q

Define Restitution

A

The return to normality due to a combination of regeneration and resolution

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6
Q

Define Repair

A

The replacement of lost tissue by fibrous (scar) tissue

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7
Q

Wound healing process

A
  • Wound with escape of blood
  • Haemostasis
    /clotting
  • Inflammation
  • Macrophages remove debris
  • Cells regenerate if possible
  • Microvessels grow in/angiogenesis
  • Fibroblasts move in, proliferate and lay down collagen
  • Scar
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8
Q

What is a labile cell?

A

Cells continue to proliferate throughout life to replace those that are constantly being destroyed

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9
Q

What is a stable cell?

A

Cells that turn over at a low level under normal circumstances but which are capable of rapid replication if required

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10
Q

What is a permanent cell?

A

Either incapable of mitotic division of organised proliferation

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11
Q

Examples of Labile Cells

A

Skin
Gut Mucosa
Bone Marrow

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12
Q

Examples of Stable Cells

A
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Endocrine Glands
  • Bone
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13
Q

Examples of Permanent Cells

A
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Neurones
  • Striated/Skeletal Muscle
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14
Q

When can’t stable/Labile cells not regenerate?

A

If the architectural structure is compromised

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15
Q

What 3 tissues can regenerate all constituents?

A
  • Liver
  • Bone
  • Bone Marrow
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16
Q

What are adult stem cells?

A

Make cells in certain niches like skin, GI Tract, Liver, Bone Marrow

17
Q

What do fibroblasts synthesise?

A

Extracellular matrix and collagen

18
Q

What is the role of macrophages? 4

A
  • Clear debris
  • Secrete growth factors
  • Stimulate endothelial cells
  • Stimulate fibroblasts
19
Q

Steps in fracture healing

A
  1. Cartilage formed in granulation tissue from chondrocytes
  2. Bridges gap (provisional callus)
  3. Calcification and ossification by osteoblasts (fibrocartilagenous callus then bony callus)
  4. Remodelling by osteoblasts/clasts
  5. Woven bone becomes lamellar (as before)
  6. Only situation where granulation tissue leads to, regeneration, every other time repair with fibrosis
20
Q

6 Systemic factors that affect healing

A
  • Age
  • Nutrition
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Steroids
  • Chronic illness
  • Haematological disorder
21
Q

7 Local factors that affect healing

A
  • Infection
  • Foreign material embedded in wound
  • Blood Supply
  • Type of tissue
  • Extent of injury
  • Mobility
  • Radiaton

BDS2: FHHD (3 decks)

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