Bio Week 12

Question 1

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What is the difference between

a gene and a genome?

Answer 1

Gene is a genetic code for a particular trait,

genome is the full set of genetic information

stored in an organism’s DNA.

Question 2

What are the phases of mitosis?

Answer 2

PMAT

Question 3

Describe what a karyotype is.

Answer 3

Image of 23 chromosome pairs (diploids) together,

arranged from largest to smallest.

Question 4

The first 22 pairs of chromosomes

are called __________ .

Answer 4

autosomes

Question 5

Which # pair of chromosomes are

the sex chromosomes?

Answer 5

23

BONUS: Which gender is dominant & recessive?

Question 6

Explain what happens to the #23 chromosomes

during mitosis vs. meiosis

Answer 6

Mitosis: both chromosomes replicate and the new daughter cell ends up with an exact pair of the original #23 chromosomes.

Meiosis: #23 replicates to form 2 daughter cells,

but then the daughter cells divide again without replicating, dividing the 2 sex chromosomes into different germ cells (haploid).

Question 7

Which parent’s genes determine the

gender of the offspring?

Answer 7

The father (with his Y chromosome)

Question 8

Dominant or recessive phenotype,

depend on the ___________ .

Answer 8

HINT: It rhymes.

Question 9

If neither of the genes/alleles in a diploid are

dominant or recessive, and both are seen in the

offspring, it is called ___________ .

Answer 9

codominance

BONUS: What are multiple alleles?

Question 10

What are sex linked genes?

Answer 10

Any gene found on the sex chromosomes #23

Question 11

Explain why more males

than females are colorblind.

(1 in 12 males ! )

Answer 11

HINT: It is an X recessive gene.

Question 12

What does it mean to be a “Carrier” ?

Answer 12

In genes, it means you have the gene,

but do not express the phenotype.

BONUS: What does this mean

for diseases, like COVID?

Question 13

What effect do Barr Bodies have on

our genotype and phenotype?

Answer 13

Barr Bodies do not change the genotype,

but can turn it on/off. So Barr Bodies can

change what phenotype is expressed.

Question 14

Name 3 generations of your pedigree.

Answer 14

Grandma Jan/FM or Kiki

Mom & Dad

Dexter

Question 15

Does this chart show a genotype on

an autosome or a sex chromosome?

Answer 15

HINT: What does a heterozygous male

mean for a genotype?

Question 16

Where can you find hemoglobin?

WTF do they do?

Answer 16

Hemoglobin are found in red blood cells

(RBC represent!)

It’s a protein that carries oxygen ALL over the body.

BONUS: What is sickle cell anemia?

Question 17

Cystic fibrosis is a gene deletion mutation.

What is “deleted” ?

Answer 17

3 base pairs, which means

an entire protein is omitted from cells.

(in this case the deleted protein affects cell walls)

Question 18

Explain what the mutation means

& match it to it’s disease

Substitution mutation Cystic Fibrosis

Deletion mutation Huntington’s Disease

Insertion mutation Sickle Cell

Answer 18

Substitution mutation is subbed base pair(s)

= Sickle Cell

Deletion mutation is deleted base pair(s)

= Cystic Fibrosis

Insertion mutation is inserted base pair(s)

= Huntington’s Disease

Question 19

What are the 2 main types of mutations in genetics?

Answer 19

Gene mutations

&

chromosome mutations

BONUS: Which one occurs during mitosis and meiosis?

Question 20

What is non-disjunction?

HINT: It can occur during either meiosis division.

Answer 20

Non-disjunction is when the chromosome pairs

fail to separate during either division in meiosis

Question 21

What is the most common form

of chromosome mutation ?

Answer 21

Trisomy 21

Down’s Syndrome

BONUS: Tell me about Turner’s syndrome.

Question 22

In Klinefelter’s syndrome, the person has

a “Y” chromosome + more than one “X” chromosome.

Which of the major 2 types of genetic mutations is this?

Answer 22

HINT: Gene mutation or chromosomal mutation.