Chapter 1 - Animal Physiology

Question 1

What are the four types of tissues?

Answer 1

1. Epithelium
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nervous

Question 2

What is the role of epithelial tissues?

Answer 2

They are a barrier against mechanical injury

Question 3

What is the connective tissue matrix made up of?

Answer 3

Jellylike fluid containing three fibres, fibroblasts and macrophages

Question 4

What are the three types of connective tissue fibres?

Answer 4

1. collagen fibres
2. Reticular fibres
3. Elastin fibres

Question 5

What is the function of collagen fibres?

Answer 5

To provide strength and flexibility

Question 6

What is the role of Reticular fibres?

Answer 6

To join connective tissue to adjacent tissue

Question 7

What is the role of elastic fibres?

Answer 7

To make connective tissue elastic

Question 8

What are the three types of loose connective tissue?

Answer 8

Aerolar, Adipose and reticular

Question 9

What is the role of loose connective tissue?

Answer 9

To bind epithelia to underlying tissues and hold organs in place

Question 10

What is the role of Aerolar tissue?

Answer 10

All nutrients are absorbed into this tissue and all waste is diffused into this tissue

Question 11

What is the role of adipose tissue?

Answer 11

It stores fact throughout the matrix and insulates the body – this fat is also stored as fuel

Question 12

What are the three types of dense connective tissue?

Answer 12

Dense regular, dense Irregular and elastic ct

Question 13

Where is dense regular tissue found?

Answer 13

In the tendons and ligaments

Question 14

Where is dense irregular tissue found?

Answer 14

In the submucosa of the digestive tract

Question 15

What are the three types of connective tissue that aren’t dense are loose?

Answer 15

Bone, cartilage, blood

Question 16

What is the strongest type of connective-tissue

Answer 16

Bone

Question 17

What is the name of cartilage cells?

Answer 17

Chondrocytes

Question 18

What is the role of cartilage?

Answer 18

It is a strong yet flexible support material

Question 19

What is the role of muscle tissue?

Answer 19

It is responsible for all types of body movement

Question 20

What protein filaments allow the muscles to contract?

Answer 20

Actin and myosin

Question 21

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 21

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac

Question 22

What is the role of skeletal muscle?

Answer 22

It is striated and responsible for voluntary movements

Question 23

Why is skeletal muscle Striated?

Answer 23

This is due to the arrangement of actin and myosin

Question 24

What is the role of smooth-muscle?

Answer 24

Move muscle lines all internal organs and is responsible for in voluntary body activities such as training of the stomach and Restriction of arteries

Question 25

What is the role of cardiac muscle?

Answer 25

As the name suggests this is found in the walls of the heart illustrated like the skeletal muscle and has similar contractile properties however unlike the skeletal muscle this is able to send signals from cell to cell and help synchronise heart contraction

Question 26

What is the function of nervous tissue?

Answer 26

It is the receipt processing and transmission of information

Question 27

What are neurons?

Answer 27

Neurons are the basic units of the nervous system. Another receives nerve impulses from other neurons via Excel body and multiple extensions

Question 28

What is it a Glia?

Answer 28

They help nourish, insolate and replenish neurons

Question 29

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 29

A series of glands that produce and secrete hormones that control bodily functions

Question 30

What is the regulator and the conformer?

Answer 30

An animal that is a regulator is able to control its internal environment temperature whereas A conformer changes its temperature in accordance with its outside environment

Question 31

What is homoeostasis?

Answer 31

Maintenance of an internal balance “steady-state”

Question 32

What is negative feedback?

Answer 32

Negative feedback works to reduce the output

Question 33

What is positive feedback?

Answer 33

This is responsible for an amplification of change or output

Question 34

What are circadian rhythms?

Answer 34

These are physical, mental and behavioural changes that follow a 24 hour limit

Question 35

What is Thermo regulation?

Answer 35

The way in which an animal maintains its internal temperature

Question 36

What are endothermic animals?

Answer 36

Animals are heated by heat generated from their metabolism

Question 37

What are ectothermic animals?

Answer 37

Animals there are heated by external sources

Question 38

What is countercurrent exchange?

Answer 38

The passing of heat energy from one body to another

Question 39

What is the hypothalamus and its role?

Answer 39

Part of the brain responsible for internal temperature maintenance

Question 40

What defines an animals metabolic rate?

Answer 40

The total amount of energy used in a unit of time

Question 41

What is torpor?

Answer 41

A state of decreased activity and metabolism during environmental extremes, this conserves energy (hibernation)

Question 42

What are fibroblasts?

Answer 42

Cells that secrete both matrix and protein fibres

Question 43

What can a loss of cartilage (Chondroid tin sulphate) result in?

Answer 43

Osteo arthritis

Question 44

What is bone made up of?

Answer 44

A mineralised matrix of collagen fibres impregnated by salts , eg calcium phosphate

Question 45

Describe the cause of Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 45

Multiple Sclerosis is a gin degenerative disease attacks the central nervous system to be more specific the myelin sheath cover the axon