Skeletal

Question 1

Periosteum

Answer 1

The tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone

Question 2

Compact bone

Answer 2

Cortical bone; the dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones. Accounts for than 75% of the body bone matter, by weight.

Question 3

Spongy bone

Answer 3

Cancellous bone; porous bone that is lighter and weaker than compact bone. Red bone marrow is often located within this spongy bone, which is commonly found in the ends and inner portions of long bones as well as in the pelvic bones, ribs, and vertebrae of the spinal column.

Question 4

Medullary cavity

Answer 4

The central cavity located in the shaft of long bones, where it is surrounded by compact bone. The storage location of red and yellow bone marrow.

Question 5

Cartilagionous joints

Answer 5

Cartilaginous joints allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage

Question 6

Synovial joints

Answer 6

A synovial joint is created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions.
Ball and socket: hips and shoulders
Hinge: knees and elbows

Question 7

Osteoclasis

Answer 7

The surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

Question 8

Traction

Answer 8

Traction is a pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment.

Question 9

Internal fixation

Answer 9

Open reduction internal fixation; a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place. This form of fixation is not usually removed after the fraction has healed.

Question 10

Percutaneous diskectomy

Answer 10

Treatment for a herniated intervertebral disk. A thin tube is inserted through the skin of the back to suction out the rupture disk or to vaporize it with a laser.
Percutaneous means performed through the skin.

Question 11

Arthroplasty

Answer 11

A term that has come to mean the surgical placement of an artificial joint, although the word parts definition is surgical repair of a damaged joint.

Question 12

Arthrodesis

Answer 12

Surgical ankylosis, the surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as the ankle, elbow, or shoulder. Treatment for severe arthritis or a damaged joint.

Question 13

Open fracture

Answer 13

Compound fracture, the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin

Question 14

Greenstick fracture

Answer 14

Incomplete fracture, the bone is bent and only partially broken. Occurs primarily in children.

Question 15

Kyphosis

Answer 15

An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side. Humpback, or dowager’s hump, frequently associated with aging.

Question 16

Lordosis

Answer 16

An abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine. Also known as swayback.

Question 17

Osteomyelitis

Answer 17

Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.

Question 18

Paget’s disease

Answer 18

A chronic bone disease of unknown cause characterized by the abnormal breakdown of bone, usually, in the pelvis, skull, spine, and legs, followed by abnormal bone formation. The new bone is often structurally enlarged, misshapen and weak.

Question 19

Primary and Secondary bone cancer

Answer 19

Primary bone cancer is a relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone. (Ewing’s sarcoma)
Secondary bone cancer describes tumors that have metastasized to bones from other organs such as the breasts and lungs.

Question 20

Myeloma

Answer 20

A type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow. It can cause pathologic fractures and is often fatal.