Muscular

Question 1

Fascia

Answer 1

A band of connective tissue that envelops, separates or binds together muscles or groups of muscles. Fasica is flexible to allow muscle movements.

Question 2

Types of muscle tissue

Answer 2

Skeletal, smooth, and myocardial
Skeletal - attached to the bones of the skeleton, enable body motion
Smooth muscle - located in the walls of the internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands. Their function is to move and control the flow of fluids through these structures.
Myocardial muscle - myocardium, or cardiac muscle, similar in appearance to striated skeletal muscle, and under involuntary action similar to smooth muscle.

Question 3

Abduction; Adduction

Answer 3

Abduction - movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
Adduction - movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

Question 4

Dorsiflexion; Plantar flexion

Answer 4

Dorsiflexion - the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
Plantar flexion - the movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle. Plantar means pertaining to the sole of the foot.

Question 5

Myocele

Answer 5

The herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.

Question 6

Atonic; Dystonia; Hypotonia

Answer 6

Lacking normal muscle tone or strength; a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement; a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

Question 7

Tenosynovitis

Answer 7

An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

Question 8

Rhabdomyolysis

Answer 8

A serious syndrome that can result from a direct or indirect muscle injury. The death of muscle fibers releases their contents into the bloodstream, where they can lead to complications such as renal failure.
rhabdomy/o - striated muscle

Question 9

Bradykinesia; Dyskinesia; Hyperkinesia

Answer 9

extreme slowness in movement (a symptom of Parkinson’s disease); the distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions; hyperactivity, abnormally increased muscle function or activity

Question 10

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 10

A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles. Muscles that control eye movement, facial expression, chewing, talking, and swallowing are often affected by this condition.

Question 11

Sprain vs. Strain

Answer 11

A sprain is an injury to a joint, such as an ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn.
A strain is an injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon. Strains are usually associated with overuse injuries that involve a stretched or torn muscle or tendon attachment.

Question 12

Plantar fascitis

Answer 12

An inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot. This condition causes foot or heel pain when walking or running.

Question 13

Tenodesis

Answer 13

The surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone. The opposite of tenolysis.
-desis means to bind or tie together.

Question 14

Myoparesis; Hemiparesis; Hemiplegia; Paraplegia

Answer 14

A weakness or slight muscular paralysis; A slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body; The total paralysis of one side of the body. Usually associated with stroke or brain damage (damage to one side of the brain cause paralysis on the opposite side); The paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.

Question 15

Torticollis

Answer 15

Wryneck, a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side.

Question 16

Complete spinal injury

Answer 16

Injury to the spinal cord in which there is a complete loss of sensation and motion control below the level of the injury. A complete injury does not mean there is no hope for improvement.

Question 17

Compartment syndrome

Answer 17

The compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the compartment, an enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles. It can be caused by trauma, tight bandages or casts, or repetitive activities.

Question 18

Contracture

Answer 18

The permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues.

Question 19

Electromyography

Answer 19

A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation The resulting record is called an electromyogram.

Question 20

Antispasmodic

Answer 20

An anticholinergic, administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder.