CH 8 vocabulary

Question 1

kinetic energy

Answer 1

energy which a body possesses by virtue of being in motion

Question 2

thermal energy

Answer 2

the energy that is generated and measured by heat

Question 3

heat

Answer 3

the quality of being hot; high temperature.

Question 4

potential energy

Answer 4

the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors.

Question 5

chemical energy

Answer 5

energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds.

Question 6

thermodynamics

Answer 6

the branch of physical science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy (such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy), and, by extension, of the relationships between all forms of energy.

Question 7

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 7

the First Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation) states that energy is always conserved, it cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 8

entropy

Answer 8

a thermodynamic quantity representing the unavailability of a system’s thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work, often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.

Question 9

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 9

entropy always increases with time

Question 10

spontaneous process

Answer 10

a process that happens naturally.

Question 11

exergonic reaction

Answer 11

a reaction in which energy is released.

Question 12

endergonic reaction

Answer 12

a reaction in which energy is absorbed.

Question 13

energy coupling

Answer 13

energy produced by one reaction or system is used to drive another reaction or system.

Question 14

ATP

Answer 14

adenosine triphosphate, energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things.

Question 15

enzyme

Answer 15

molecules (proteins) that speed up metabolism.

Question 16

catalyst

Answer 16

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.

Question 17

activation energy

Answer 17

the minimum quantity of energy which the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.

Question 18

substrate

Answer 18

the surface or material on or from which an organism lives, grows, or obtains its nourishment.

Question 19

enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 19

a temporary molecule formed when an enzyme comes into perfect contact with its substrate.

Question 20

active site

Answer 20

a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.

Question 21

induced fit

Answer 21

When an enzyme binds to the appropriate substrate, subtle changes in the active site occur, it enhances catalysis, as the enzyme converts substrate to product.

Question 22

competitive inhibitors

Answer 22

interruption of a chemical pathway owing to one chemical substance inhibiting the effect of another by competing with it for binding or bonding

Question 23

noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 23

type of enzyme inhibition where the inhibitor reduces the activity of the enzyme and binds equally well to the enzyme whether or not it has already bound the substrate.

Question 24

allosteric regulation

Answer 24

the regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme’s active site.

Question 25

cooperativity

Answer 25

a phenomenon in which the shape of one subunit of an enzyme consisting of several subunits is altered by the substrate.

Question 26

feedback inhibition

Answer 26

a cellular control mechanism in which an enzyme’s activity is inhibited by the enzyme’s end product.