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business. > HR - Human Resources > Flashcards

HR - Human Resources Flashcards

1
Q

Define Organisational Structure.

A

How a business organises its staff to represent the different layers of management.

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2
Q

What are the two types of organisational structures used in a business?

A
  • Tall (Hierarchical).

- Flat.

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3
Q

What are three things the people in an organisation need to know?

A
  • What their duties are.
  • The person or people they report to.
  • Other employees in the organisation for when they are responsible.
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4
Q

Define Hierarchical Structure.

A

Structured in layers.

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5
Q

What are the four layers of staff within a hierarchy?

A

1) Directors.
2) Managers.
3) Supervisors.
4) Operatives/ Subordinates.

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6
Q

Define Span of Control.

A

The number of workers who report to one manager in a hierarchy.

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7
Q

Define Chain of Command.

A

The chain connecting all the layers.

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8
Q

Define Delegation.

A

The responsibility passed on to people in the level below.

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9
Q

Describe a tall structure.

A

A long chain of command and more layers of management. Each manager only has a narrow span of control.

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10
Q

Describe a flat structure.

A

A short chain of command and each manager has a wide span of control.

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11
Q

What are the three types of communication that take place within a business?

A
  • Downwards.
  • Upwards.
  • Horizontal.
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12
Q

Define Centralised.

A

An organisation where decision making is kept firmly at the top of the hierarchy and distributed down the chain of command.

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13
Q

Define Decentralised.

A

An organisation where decision making is spread out to include different levels in the hierarchy.

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14
Q

What are two advantages of a centralised management structure in a business?
(4 will be listed).

A
  • Consistency across the business.
  • The business has a clear directions.
  • Operations and decisions are closely controlled and managed.
  • The chain of command and accountability are clear.
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15
Q

What are two disadvantages of a centralised management structure in a business?
(3 will be listed).

A
  • It can demotivate employees.
  • A standardised approach may not work in all business locations.
  • It may lower productivity.
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16
Q

Define Recruitment.

A

The process of finding the best person to do a job.

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17
Q

What does it mean to recruit Internally in a business?

A

The involvement of recruiting current employees into new roles. The job is advertised within the company.

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18
Q

What does it mean to recruit Externally in a business?

A

The involvement of recruiting outside the business. The job can be advertised in lots of places.

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19
Q

What are 3 examples of recruiting Internally?

A
  • Emails (within the company).
  • Meetings.
  • Posters.
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20
Q

What are two advantages of recruiting internally in a business?
(4 will be listed).

A
  • Motivates staff when promoted.
  • Costs less to recruit internally rather than externally.
  • Staff understands job role and culture of the company already
  • Staff already have the skills needed.
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21
Q

What are two disadvantages of recruiting internally in a business?
(3 will be listed).

A
  • Pay for training.
  • Candidate with better skills may be outside the business.
  • Staff not selected may be demotivated.
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22
Q

What are 3 examples of recruiting Externally?

4 will be listed

A
  • Newspaper.
  • Websites.
  • Emails.
  • Social Media.
23
Q

What are two advantages of recruiting externally in a business?
(4 will be listed).

A
  • More candidates to choose from with wider range of skills.
  • Candidates have fresh new ideas.
  • Sometimes less training is needed as they have the right skills.
  • Better candidates may be outside of the business.
24
Q

What are two disadvantages of recruiting externally in a business?
(3 will be listed).

A
  • Pay more money to advertise and select workers.
  • Existing staff may be demotivated.
  • New staff may take time to understand the culture of the business.
25
Q

What are the 9 steps in the recruitment and selection process?

A

1) Job analysis.
2) Job description.
3) Person specification.
4) Job advertisement.
5) Apply for the job.
6) Long list/ Short list, Interviews/ Testing, Assessment centre.
7) Selection and references.
8) Offer letter/ Rejection letters.
9) Contract of employment.

26
Q

Define Job Analysis.

A

When a business collects and interprets information about a job vacancy to make sure the managers of the business know the type of person they need to recruit.

27
Q

Define Job Description.

A

A document produced by a business that wants to fill a vacancy. Its main duty is to list all the duties that are required in the role.

28
Q

Define Person Specification.

A

A document created by a business that wants to fill a vacancy. This document provides information about the type of person the business wants to hire.

29
Q

What are 3 examples of Job Description.

6 will be listed

A
  • Job title.
  • Rate of pay or salary.
  • Hours of work.
  • Location of work.
  • All duties included in the role.
  • Whom the new employee would report to in the business.
30
Q

What are 3 examples of Person Specification.

A
  • Educational Background.
  • Skills.
  • Experience the business wants the applicant to have.
31
Q

What are 3 advantages of having an effective recruitment and selection process in a business?

A
  • High productivity.
  • High quality output / Customer service
  • High staff retention.
32
Q

Define Job Share.

A

When two or more employees combine to fill one job role.

33
Q

What are 2 advantages of Job Sharing?

A
  • Employers benefit from the experience and skills of two people rather than one.
  • The business is able to cover unplanned absences or holidays more easily.
34
Q

Define Zero Hour Contract.

A

When an employee has no set or guaranteed hours of work.

35
Q

What are 2 advantages of a Zero Hour Contract?

3 will be listed

A
  • Flexibility to meet increases in demand without having to pay staff when they are not needed.
  • Cuts the wage costs of the business.
  • Gives employees flexibility in their working lives.
36
Q

What are 2 disadvantages of a Zero Hour Contract?

4 will be listed

A
  • The business may experience a low staff retention rate / high staff turnover.
  • Employees may struggle to pay day to day bills as there is no regular income.
  • Employees may feel pressured to work hours when offered.
  • Lack of clear communication.
37
Q

Define Motivation.

A

The commitment to do something.

38
Q

What are 3 advantages of a business having a motivated workforce?
(5 will be listed).

A
  • Increases productivity levels.
  • Low levels of absenteeism.
  • High levels of staff retention.
  • Good reputation.
  • Improve product quality and customer service levels.
39
Q

What are the two methods of motivation?

A
  • Financial.

- Non-financial.

40
Q

What are the 4 financial methods of motivation?

A
  • Salary.
  • Wage.
  • Commission.
  • Profit share.
41
Q

Define Salary.

A

A fixed amount is paid by the employer to the employee on a regular basis.

42
Q

Define Wage.

A

Workers are paid by the hour according to the time worked.

43
Q

Define Commission.

A

Payment made to an employee based one the value of sales achieved over a specific period of time.

44
Q

Define Profit Share.

A

Staff will receive their usual annual wage or salary but an additional payment is made on top of this linked to the performance of the business.

45
Q

Define Piece Rate.

A

Where workers are paid according to how many products they produce.

46
Q

What are the 4 non-financial methods of motivation?

A
  • Job Enlargement.
  • Job Enrichment.
  • Training.
  • Management Styles.
47
Q

What are the two different types of Management Styles?

A
  • Autocratic.

- Democratic.

48
Q

Define Job Enlargement.

A

When staff are given a greater variety of tasks to perform (necessarily more challenging) making the work more interesting.

49
Q

Define Job Enrichment.

A

When staff are given more responsibility and a wider range of more complex and challenging tasks resulting in employees experiencing an increased sense of achievement.

50
Q

Define Autocratic.

A

When employees are told what to do, when and how to do it ; they are not involved in decision making.

51
Q

Define Democratic.

A

When employees are given more freedom and more say in decision making.

52
Q

Define Fringe Benefits.

A

Often known as perks, are extra items that are given to employees whilst they work in a business.

53
Q

What are 3 examples of Fringe Benefits.

6 will be listed

A
  • Company cars.
  • Travel subsidies.
  • Childcare provision.
  • Free lunches.
  • Staff uniforms.
  • Staff discounts.

business. (23 decks)

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