Pharma MCQ 3

Question 1

Hydralazine clinical effect?

Answer 1

Hypotension secondary to arteriolar vasodilatation by acting directly on smooth muscle.

Question 2

How is hydralazine metabolised?

Answer 2

by acetylation in the liver.

Question 3

How does GTN produce vasodilation?

Answer 3

Through release of nitric oxide from the nitrate, the mechanism is unknown.

Question 4

Why can use of GTN cause a headache?

Answer 4

Causes meningeal vasodilation, headache is a common side effect?

Question 5

Why does GTN have low oral bioavailability?

Answer 5

GTN is metabolised by both the gut wall and in the liver , hence the sublingual spray is best way to use it.

Question 6

The following drugs cause an increase in blood sugar: T/F

A.	diazoxide		
B.	hydrocortisone			
C.	pioglitazone	
D.	bendrofluazide				
E.	nateglinide

Answer 6

Diazoxide,

Hydrocortisone - glucocorticoid effects

Bendroflumathiazide - recognised complication of thiazide diuretics.

Question 7

How does pyridostigmine affect gut motility?

Answer 7

it is an acetycholinestrase inhibitor, so increases the concentration of acetylcholine in the gut wall, which increases gut motility.

Question 8

Elimination half life of benzylpenicillin?

Answer 8

half life of half an hour, rapidly excreted by the kidneys by organic acid transport system.

Question 9

How can clavulanic acid potentiate effect of amoxicillin?

Answer 9

Clavulanic acid inactivates beta-lactamases and so can increase the spectrum of activitiy of amoxicillin.

Question 10

Site of action of Furosemide in nephron?

Answer 10

ascending loop of henle.

Question 11

Site of action of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 11

DCT.

Question 12

How can loop diuretics affect hearing?

Answer 12

Loop diuretics can cause deafness, particularly if given rapidly in large parenteral doses. The deafness is usually, but not always, reversible.

Question 13

Sumitriptan mode of action at receptor?

Answer 13

5HT1 agonist, works either presynaptically to reduce neurotransmitter release or directly on cerebral vasculature.

Question 14

Uterine tone is decreased by: T/F

A. enflourane
B. amyl nitrate
C. noadrenaline
D. vecuronium
E. salbutamol

Answer 14

A. enflourane - halogenated anaesthetic volatile agents all reduce calcium release within smooth muscles.

B. nitrates act as smooth muscle dilators.

E. Salbutamol, a beta-2 adrenergic agonist is used to arrest premature labour by relaxing uterine smooth muscle.

Question 15

Flumazenil mode of action?

Answer 15

antagonist at benzodiazepine receptor: reverse the effects of both agonists and inverse agonists.

Question 16

Flumazenil oral bioavailability?

Answer 16

Flumazenil is readily absorbed after oral administration but undergoes extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism. It is therefore available only for parenteral administration.

Question 17

After what dose of Flumazenil should you begin to think benzodiasepine OD not occured?

Answer 17

No recommended upper limit, can be given by continuous infusion, although a lack of response to 5mg flumazenil IV strongly suggests benzo OD not the cause of respiratory depression.