Chapter 12 - Social Stratification

Question 1

What is Social Satisfaction based on?

Answer 1

Socio-economic Status (SES)

Question 2

What two things does Socioeconomic Status depend on?

Answer 2

Ascribed Status and Achieved Status

Question 3

What is a Social Class?

Answer 3

A category of people with shared SES characteristics. The three main social classes are upper, middle and lower.

Question 4

What is Prestige?

Answer 4

The respect and importance tied to specific occupations or associations.

Question 5

What is Power?

Answer 5

The capacity to influence people through real or perceived rewards and punishments. It often depends on unequal distribution of valued resources.

Question 6

What do Power Differentials do?

Answer 6

Create social inequality

Question 7

What is Anomie?

Answer 7

A state of homelessness. Anomic conditions erode social solidarity by means of excessive individualism, social inequality and isolation.

Question 8

What is Social Capital?

Answer 8

The investment people make in their society in return for economic or collective rewards. Social networks, either situational or positional are one of the most powerful forms of social capital and can be achieved through establishing strong and weak social ties.

Question 9

What is Meritocracy?

Answer 9

Refers to a society in which advancement up the social ladder is based on intellectual talent and achievement.

Question 10

What is Social Mobility?

Answer 10

Allows one to acquire higher-level employment opportunities by achieving required credentials and experience. Can either occur positively or negatively (promotion vs. demotion).

Question 11

What is Poverty?

Answer 11

A socioeconomic condition. In the USA, the poverty line is determined by the government’s calculation of the minimum income requirements for families to acquire minimum necessities.

Question 12

What is Social Reproduction?

Answer 12

Refers to the passing on of social inequality, especially poverty, from one generation to the next.

Question 13

What is Absolute Poverty?

Answer 13

When people do not have enough resources to acquire basic life necessities. (shelter, food etc.)

Question 14

What is Relative Poverty?

Answer 14

When one is poor in comparison to a larger population.

Question 15

What is Social Exclusion?

Answer 15

A sense of powerlessness when individuals feel alienated from society.

Question 16

What is Spatial Inequality

Answer 16

A form of social stratification across territories and their populations; can occur along residential, environmental and global lines.

Question 17

What is Environmental Justice?

Answer 17

Refers to an uneven distribution of environmental hazards in communities. Lower-income neighbourhoods may lack the social and political power to prevent the placement of environment hazards in their neighbourhoods.

Question 18

What kinds of inequalities has Globalization led to?

Answer 18

Space, food, water, energy, housing, etc.

Question 19

What is Incidence?

Answer 19

Calculated as the number of new cases of a disease per population in a given period of time ex; new cases per 100 at-risk people per year.

Question 20

What is Prevalence?

Answer 20

Calculated as the number of cases of a disease per population in a given period of time ex; cases per 1000 people per year

Question 21

What is Morbidity?

Answer 21

The burden or degree of illness associated with a given disease.

Question 22

What is Mortality?

Answer 22

Refers to deaths caused by a given disease.

Question 23

What 3 factors is health dependent on?

Answer 23

Geographic, Social and Economic

Question 24

What is the Second Sickness?

Answer 24

Refers to exacerbation of health outcomes caused by social injustice.

Question 25

What 4 worse health conditions is Poverty associated to?

Answer 25

1. Decreased life expectancy
2. Increased rates of life-threatening disease
3. Increased rates of suicide and homicide
4. Higher infant mortality rates