Lecture 9

Question 1

How are glands formed?

Answer 1

Growth signal received by Epithelium.
Profileration of cells occur.
After the profileration of cells occur, the epithelial cells invade the connective space via Extracellular protein degradation enzymes produced which creates a space in the connective tissue.

Question 2

What are striated ducts?

Answer 2

Keeps ductile system open+ reabsorbs sodium ions

Question 3

What are excretory ducts?

Answer 3

Excreting substances

Question 4

What does the main collecting duct do?

Answer 4

The secretions collect here

Question 5

How does Holocrine secretion work?

Answer 5

Secretoory cells fills up with granules
Organelles degenerate and die off
Plasma membrane breaks and content is released
Cytoplasm is lost

Question 6

What is glycolisation?

Answer 6

Covalent attachment of sugars by enzymes to proteins+ lipids to form glycoproteins+ glycolipids

Question 7

What is pinocytosis?

Answer 7

Liquid droplets are ingested by cells

Question 8

Difference between endocytosis and exocytosis

Answer 8

Endocytosis is the engulfing of molecules inside the cell via vesicle formation whereas exocytosis is the release of molecules out of the cell.

Question 9

Neurocrine secretion

Answer 9

Any molecule secreted by nerve cells

Question 10

Cytokrine secretion

Answer 10

the whole cell is secreted and is only found in the testes

Question 11

Role of glycolisation

Answer 11

• Aid protein folding
  -Prevents digestion by intracellular proteases
  -Prevents lipid digestion by intracellular lipases
  Cell recognition
  Role on cell to extracellular matric attachment

Question 12

What are the cell functions via secretion

Answer 12

• Adhesion to substrates and neighbouring cells
• Mobility of cells
• Communication with neighbouring cells
• Contact inhibition of movement and division
• Cell survival

Question 13

Where are simple tubular found?

Answer 13

Large intestine. Secretory portion of the gland is a straight tube formed by secretory goblet cells

Question 14

Where are simple branched tubular found?

Answer 14

Stomach. Mucus secreting glands are in the pylorus

Question 15

Where are simple coiled tubular found?

Answer 15

Skin. The eccrine gland in the skin with the secretory potion located deep within the dermis

Question 16

Where are simple acinar found?

Answer 16

Urethra. Secretory portion is outpouching of the epithelial surface

Question 17

Where are simple branched acinar found?

Answer 17

Stomach. Enlarged secreting mucus cells in the cardia. The duct is relatively short

Question 18

Where are compound tubular found?

Answer 18

Dueodenum. These are the submucosal glands of Brunner that also secret mucus

Question 19

Where are compound acinar found?

Answer 19

Pancreas. The alveolar shaped cells are pyramid shaped and serous secreting

Question 20

What causes epithelial cells to respond and move when glands are made?

Answer 20

Immature fibroblasts release Basic FG10

Question 21

How are tubules elongated?

Answer 21

Growth factor 1 active (causes elongation), Growth factor 2 inactive.

Question 22

How are tubules branched?

Answer 22

Growth factor 1 inactive, growth factor 2 active.

Question 23

Compound tubuloacinar

Answer 23

Submandibular salivary glands. Both serous and mucinous secretions. Have serous end-caps