Lecure 5

Question 1

What are the 3 steps to understand where training is needed?

Answer 1

Organizational analysis
Task analysis
Person analysis

Question 2

Why do organizations benefit from training programs? 3 reasons

Answer 2

Improve bottom line performance

Reduce external recruiting costs (preparing the current employees for bigger roles)

Increase employee retention

Question 3

Impact of trainee characteristics

Answer 3

Ability
General mental ability
self monitoring
metacognitive skills
self theory
achievement goals
feedback seeking behavior

Question 4

Whats a strong prerequisite for the learning outcomes to be transfered in the job?

Answer 4

For the work environment to be supportive, to have opportunities to transfer the learnings and the work atmosphere being good

Question 5

What did Festinger (1954) propose in regards to the social comparison theory?

Answer 5

We have a DRIVE to gain self evaluations!

Question 6

In the Festinger theory (1954), Social Comparison Theory, why do people have the drive to gain ACCURATE self-evaluations?

Answer 6

1. To reduce uncertainty regarding the self

2. To learn how to define the self

Question 7

Self-evaluation

Answer 7

If we want to be accurate, then we have to choose a target that is similar to ourselves(not better, not worse)

Question 8

Self-enhancement

Answer 8

If our desire is to increase our positive self-regard then we will distort/ignore information when we make a self-evaluation

Question 9

What is the difference between self evaluation and self enhancement?

Answer 9

Self evaluation is more objective, because we want to be accurate!
On the other hand, self enhancement doesnt want to be accurate, but rather feed our ego by enhancing our positive self-regard at all costs!

Question 10

Upward/downward comparison

Answer 10

Choosing a target that is better/worse

. That has opposing effects BOTH for self-regard and self-improvement

Question 11

Why is upward/downward comparison bad?

Answer 11

because our comparison target has to be someone who is similar to us, in order for the assessment to be accurate. Downward or upward comparison does not make us better, neither proves our self regard.

Question 12

What is the basic premise in social learning theory?

Answer 12

Vicarious learning: Learner and model.

Learning by observing another person performing the behavior

Question 13

Which aspects is the Contagion effects affecting?

Answer 13

The goals, motives, values and beliefs are socially contagious.

Question 14

What is socially contagious?

Answer 14

Achievement motivation, apathy, and burnouts

Question 15

How are burnouts and media exposure contagious?

Answer 15

Burnouts among teachers and medical professionals!
And the media exposure facilitates mass shooting contagion
EXample: Facebook manipulating the news feed to include ore positive posts

Question 16

What is benchmarking? (Having role model tin Kagia)

Answer 16

Select high-performing individual to be the model in vicarious learning
(The best student explaining why his essay killed it)

Question 17

what are the 4 types of benchmarking?

Answer 17

1. best practices
2. peer benchmarking
3. swot
4. collaborative benchmarking

Question 18

what is best practices in the benchmarking?

Answer 18

best practices is having a role model!

Kagia

Question 19

what is SWOT in the benchmarking?

Answer 19

Looking at strengths, weaknesses, opportunities in Kagia’s life

Question 20

what is collaborative benchmarking?

Answer 20

sending data to external organization to create benchmarking and best practices for all members

Question 21

reinforcement theory

Answer 21

linking specific behaviors to specific outcomes can motivate high perfomance

Question 22

negative reinforcement

Answer 22

removing negative things ( in this case negative consequences)

Question 23

what are the desired organizational behaviors?

Answer 23

positive and negative reinforcement

Question 24

what are the undesired organizational behaviors?

Answer 24

Extinction and punishment

Question 25

what is extinction in undesired organizational behaviors proposing?

Answer 25

that we are removing whatever is currently reinforcing the behavior

Question 26

what is punishment proposing in the undesired organizational behaviors?

Answer 26

that we administer negative consequences who perform the behavior?

Question 27

in regards to undesired prganizational behaviors, what can an employer do unwillingly to kill the desired behaviors?

Answer 27

1. Extinction
2. Punishment.

2.Punishment example is: Talking bad to someone that does a good job!

Question 28

What are the learning theories here?

Answer 28

Social comparison theory, social learning theory, Contagion theory, Benchmarking, Reinforcement theory, Behavior modification

Question 29

what are the prerequisites for the contingent rewards to be effective?

Answer 29

1. reward options
2. contingency factors (should have validity, promote the desired performance)
3. structureed system with realistic rewards

Question 30

should an employer beware of external rewards?

Answer 30

yes. it controls the intrinsic/extrinsic motivation

Question 31

do extrinsic rewards undermine intrinsic motivation?

Answer 31

1. not if reward is inherent to activity

2. not if people do not attribute their behavior to the reward (people can still love a job theyre getting paid for)

Question 32

What are the 2 training criteria in Kirkpatricks model?

Answer 32

Internal and external

Question 33

What are the internal criteria in the kirkpatricks model?

Answer 33

1. Reaction (affective reactions and utility judgements)

2. Learning (Skills kai knowledge)

Question 34

what are the external criteria in kirkpatricks model?

Answer 34

3. Transfer the behavior

4. results

Question 35

What are the theories that can be successfully applied in training ?

Answer 35

Social learning theory (benchmarking)

And reinforcement theory

Question 36

what does the success of the training depend on?

Answer 36

the characteristics of the trainee

Question 37

whats behavior modification?

Answer 37

the systematic application of reinforcement theory