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MRCP part A > Clinical sciences > Flashcards

Clinical sciences Flashcards

1
Q

what is used to detect mutated oncogenes(BRCA1)

A

polymerase chain reaction

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2
Q

which test is used to compare two sets of observations on a single sample- before and after intervention- before and after pain relief adminstration

A

Wilcoxon signed-rank test

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3
Q

Test used to compare proportions or percentages who improved followed two different interventions

A

Chi-squared test

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4
Q

Main component of endogenous lung surfactant

A

Dipalmitoyl Phosphatidylcholine(phospholipids)

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5
Q

Layers of Epidermis(CLGSB(G))

A 
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Germinavatum
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6
Q

Which layer of epidermis are melanocytes and keratinocytes found in?

A

Stratum Germinavatum(basal layer)

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7
Q

the proportion of patients who test positive on screening and do have the condition. What is this screening measure?

A

Positive Predictive Value

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8
Q

proportion of patients who test negative on screening, and do not have the condition. What is this screening measure?

A

Negative Predictive Value

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9
Q

proportion of patients who do not have condition and test negative on the screening test. What is this screening measure?

A

Specificity

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10
Q

Proportion of patients with the condition who has a positive result

A

Sensitivity

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11
Q

Wide vermillion border, supravalvular Aortic Stenosis, flat nasal bridge, Disinhibited Friendly behaviour. Diag

A

Williams Syndrome- diagnosed with FISH studies

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12
Q

subvalvular Aortic Stenosis association

A

Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

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13
Q

Valvular Aortic Stenosis

A

Calcification, rheumatic fever

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14
Q

X-linked recessive condition, deficiency in alpha-galactosidase A- burning pain/paraesthesia,dark and red painless spots on skin(angiokeratomas), Corneal Opacities, and early cardiac and renal disease

A

Fabry disease

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15
Q

Commonest chromosomal defect in Downs syndrome

A

Nondisjunction

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16
Q

Golgi Apparatus - function- the Charon of cell organelles- takes things to die

A

Modifies, sorts and packages molecules that are destined for cell secretion.
Adds Mannose-6-phosphate to proteins to designate transport to lysosymes

17
Q

Specificity Calculation

A

TN/(TN+FP)

18
Q

Contingency table for Specificity and Sensitivity Calculation

A

TN, FP

FN TP

19
Q

Sensitivity Calculation

A

TP/(TP+FN)

20
Q

Positive predictive Value Calculation

A

TP/(TP+FP)

21
Q

Negative Predictive Value Calculation

A

TN/(TN+FN)

22
Q

Leptin- where is it released from

A

Adipose Tissue

23
Q

Leptin- where does it act and other functions

A

Satiety Centre in Hypothalamus- decrease appetitie, releases Melanocyte-stimulating hormone and Corticotrophin releasing Hormone(CRH)

24
Q

C1 inhibitor deficiency causes what disease

A

causes hereditary angioedema

25
Q

C1q, C1rs, C2, C4 deficiency causes what disease

A

causes immune complex disease-Henoch-schonlein Purpura

26
Q

C3 Deficiency causes what disease

A

recurrent bacterial infections

27
Q

C5 Deficiency causes what disease

A

Leiner disease- , recurrent diarrhoea, wasting , and seborrhoeic dermatitis

28
Q

C5-9 deficiency

A

encodes the Membrane attack complex-prone to neisseria meningitidis infection

29
Q

REM sleep associated disorders - which waves

A

Beta waves

incomplete paralyisis- patient kicks out and acts out their dreams- vivid intense and violent

30
Q

Non - REM 1 disorder and which waves

A

Theta waves

Limb jerks

31
Q

NON - REM2 association and which waves

A

50% of total sleep - sleep spindles

32
Q

NON - REM 3 disorders and waves

A

Disorders- night terrors, nocturnal enuresis , sleepwalking

Delta waves

MRCP part A (13 decks)

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