T1DM: Diagnosis, Epidemiology & Health Inequality

Question 1

how are symptomatic patients diagnosed with diabetes

Answer 1

random blood glucose >11mmol/L

Question 2

how are asymptomatic patients diagnosed with diabetes

Answer 2

oral glucose tolerance test: Fasting >7mmol/L and 2hr post-glucose load of >11.1mmol/L

Question 3

what antibodies are used in T1DM diaagnosis

Answer 3

GAD, IA-2 and Znt8

Question 4

what C-peptide level is used for T1DM diagnosis

Answer 4

<0.2mmol/L

Question 5

how are genetics taken into account in diagnosis of T1DM

Answer 5

Genetic Risk Score, an assessment of 30 T1DM-associated risk variants

Question 6

what is the prevalence of T1DM in those under 19 in UK

Answer 6

1 in every 430-530

Question 7

what % of people with diabetes in the UK have T1DM

Answer 7

10%

Question 8

at what age is there a peak incidence of T1DM

Answer 8

peak incidence at pre-school age and around puberty

Question 9

when can new onset T1DM occur

Answer 9

any age from 6 months onwards, although usually in children

Question 10

are men or women more likely to have T1DM

Answer 10

slightly higher incidence in males, especially after 20y/o

Question 11

are T1DM incidence rates increasing or decreasing, and by how much

Answer 11

increasing, by around 2-4% per annum

Question 12

what ethnicities are more likely to develop T1DM

Answer 12

White>Black>Hispanic>Asian

Question 13

what are health inequalities

Answer 13

unjust and avoidable differences in people’s health across the population and between specific population groups

Question 14

give some examples of health inequalities

Answer 14

socioeconomic class, education, ethnic/racial disparity, LGBT disparities, gender disparities, cultural factors