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Foundations Of Nursing > Nursing Culture And Theories > Flashcards

Nursing Culture And Theories Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the first nursing theorist?

A

Florence Nightingale

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2
Q

Who introduced ideas of nursing as an individual field of practice, rather than just assisting physicians to provide care to their patients?

A

Florence Nightingale

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3
Q

Her theory focuses on caring as having cultural competence; care is individualized to the patient based on their cultural and spiritual needs

A

Dr. Madeline Leninger

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4
Q

Who’s nursing theory came from working with children in diverse cultures?

A

Dr. Madeline Leninger

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5
Q

__________ refers to actions, attitudes, and practices to assist or help other towards healing

A

Caring

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6
Q

What are the three culturally-based action and decision models?

A
  1. Culture care, preservation, and maintenance
  2. Culture care, accommodation, and negotiation
  3. Culture care, repatterning and/or restructuring
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7
Q

Which nursing theorist described nursing as being an intentional presence, personal ownership, and respect for human dignity?

A

Dr. Dingman

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8
Q

Who developed the caring model (of 5 behaviors)?

A

Dr. Dingman

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9
Q

What are the five key actions of the caring model?

A
  1. Introduce oneself
  2. Call pt by preferred name
  3. Sit at patient’s bedside
  4. Use of touch
  5. Saying thank you and utilizing values
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10
Q

Dr. Dingman research supports that care begins with an environment that supports collaboration and _________ between all caregivers.

A

Commitment

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11
Q

Who developed a theory called “The Science of Human Caring?”

A

Dr. Jean Watson

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12
Q

Who suggested the ten caritas process?

A

Dr. Jean Watson

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13
Q

Which nursing theorist was a student of Dr. Watson?

A

Kristen Swanson

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14
Q

Who developed the five realms of caring?

A

Dr. Kristen Swanson

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15
Q

What are the five realms of caring?

A
  1. Knowing
  2. Being with
  3. Doing for
  4. Enabling (motivating)
  5. Maintaining belief
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16
Q

What are the 3 key relationships in the relationship-based care model?

A
  1. Patient and the patient’s family
  2. The nurse (oneself)
  3. The interdisciplinary team
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17
Q

Knowledge of one’s own cultural or spiritual beliefs that may conflict with those of your patient is called _________

A

Self-knowledge

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18
Q

Being aware of one’s own limits (helps prevent burn out) is called __________.

A

Self-awareness

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19
Q

Which nursing theorist introduced the idea that fresh air, nutritious meals, and a clean environment are key items needed for patient’s healing?

A

Florence Nightingale

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20
Q

Whose theory identifies the key aspects of nursing?

A

Dr. Dingman

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21
Q

Which theory surmises that a caring attitude must be woven through the culture of a hospital and displayed among all levels of staff members?

A

Mission and vision of an organization (Dr. Dingman)

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22
Q

Transpersonal presence is an example of a ________ process.

A

Caritas

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23
Q

Prioritizing an Asian patient’s cultural beliefs is enacting which theory?

A

Cultural competence

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24
Q

While “doing for” our patients, why is it important to only do what they would do for themselves and not more?

A

Respect and patient autonomy

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25
Q

The regulating body that provides nurses their bill of rights and code of conduct is ______________.

A

The American Nurse Association (ANA)

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26
Q

Who defined nursing as being the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, the facilitation of healing, the alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of a human response, and the advocacy in the care of individuals and their families.

A

The American Nurse Association (ANA)

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27
Q

Who defined nursing as the promotion of health, prevention of illness, care of the ill, disabled, and dying, advocacy, promotion of safe environments, developing research, shaping health policy and education.

A

The International Counsel of Nursing

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28
Q

At what level do regulating bodies begin?

A

The state level

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29
Q

Who issues nursing licenses?

A

State boards of nursing

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30
Q

Each ________ regulates their own Nursing Practice Act.

A

State

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31
Q

Which organization is involved in making recommendations of a broader scale nationally?

A

The American Nurse Association (ANA)

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32
Q

This organization publishes official position statements and works with lobbyists on Capital Hill.

A

The American Nurse Association (ANA)

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33
Q

Who is the organization responsible for influencing nursing education and moving science forward?

A

The National League for Nursing (NLN)

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34
Q

How many key elements does the QSEN (Quality and Safety Education for Nurses) contain?

A

SIX

  • pt centered care
  • evidence based practice
  • quality improvement
  • informatics
  • safety
  • teamwork/colloboration
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35
Q

Focuses on that patient’s needs at the center of the practice or treatment goals.

A

Patient centered care

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36
Q

Utilizes research and study outcomes to ensure patient receives the best care.

A

Evidence-based practice

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37
Q

Simultaneously occurring health conditions typically found in the aging community.

A

Comorbidity

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38
Q

What is the lowest level of registered nursing?

A

ADN (Associates/Diploma)

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39
Q

Which level of nursing is involved in patient care, research assistant, or as case managers?

A

BSN

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40
Q

Which level of nursing analyzes problems, clinical nurse specialists, NPs, IT specialists, or educators?

A

graduate level

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41
Q

Which level of nursing contains nursing researchers, advances NPs, nurse anesthetists, counselors, researchers, theorists, and professors?

A

Doctorate

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42
Q

The Institute of Medicine recommends that _____ nurses have their BSN by 2020.

A

80%

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43
Q

The use of computers in nursing and the health care environment is called ________.

A

Informatics

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44
Q

Personally held standards that have meaning or worth

A

Values

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45
Q

Something accepted as being true

A

Belief

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46
Q

Set of rules to follow that incorporates both values and beliefs.

A

Practice

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47
Q

Groups within a larger culture or social system that have some characteristics that are different than those of the dominant culture.

A

Subculture

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48
Q

Made up of individuals who share a race, religion, or ethnic heritage that typically have fewer members

A

Minority group

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49
Q

Values, beliefs, and practices that people from all culture share.

A

Cultural universals

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50
Q

This population is more likely to develop health problems and experience poorer outcomes due to its limited access to care, high risk behaviors, or multiple cumulative stressors.

A

Vulnerable population

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51
Q

An example of a person or thing that is recurrent and it has basis in its facts.

A

Archetype

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52
Q

A widely help, but oversimplified and often untrue belief that all people of a certain racial or ethnic group are alike in certain respects.

A

Stereotype

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53
Q

Lack of impartiality and it can be positive or negative.

A

Bias

54
Q

Form of a bias that is the tendency to think that your own group is superior to others.

A

Ethnocentrism

55
Q

Assumption that one’s sex is superior to the other.

A

Sexism

56
Q

True or false: using family members at a bedside for language assistance is okay.

A

True. However, it is must be used as a last resort and MUST be documented.

57
Q

Who created the transcultural assessment module?

A

Joyce Giger

58
Q

How many aspects of the Giger Transcultural Model are there?

A

Six.

  • communication
  • time
  • environmental controls
  • space
  • social organization
  • biological variations
59
Q

______ includes members with the same biological background

A

Race

60
Q

Who is the best resource for evaluating a patient’s specific cultural preferences and practices?

A

The patient

61
Q

Who theorized that energy exchange affects our wellness?

A

Neumann

62
Q

What are the five stages of illness?

A
  1. Symptoms first appear
  2. Sick role behavior
  3. Seeks professional care
  4. Depending on others
  5. Recovery
63
Q

What type of illness occurs suddenly and pain typically subsides after healing?

A

Acute

64
Q

What type of pain lasts for six months or longer and might require a person to make lifestyle changes?

A

Chronic

65
Q

What is period of pain called when symptoms are minimal to none?

A

Remission

66
Q

What is the period of pain called when the pain symptoms are present?

A

Exacerbation (Flare up)

67
Q

According to the Neumann model, illness is a results of _______ imbalance.

A

Energy

68
Q

What is responsible for regeneration of tissue and rejuvenation of mental health?

A

Sleep

69
Q

When a patient visits the doctor’s office, what stage of illness are they in?

A
  1. Seeking care
70
Q

A specific organized set of rules and a prescriptive way to live an experienced life in order to access a God or divine authority is called _________.

A

Religion

71
Q

Whose theory of nursing care is an example of holistic approach?

A

Dr. Jean Watson

72
Q

_______ means address the patient as a whole (body and spirit) with emphasis on changing their lifestyle to achieve maximum wellness.

A

Holistic

73
Q

What type of holistic medicine works to enhance western biological medicine?

A

Complementary Medicine

74
Q

What type of medicine is the treatment intended to replace or bypass western biological medicine?

A

Alternative medicine

75
Q

The treatment of disease by conventional means is called ________.

A

Allopathy

76
Q

The phenomenon that if a treatment is believed to work, it likely will.

A

The placebo effect

77
Q

The phenomenon that occurs if a patient does not believe a treatment will work, it likely will not

A

The nocebo effect

78
Q

Who are the most common users of contemporary and alternative medicine?

A

White or Hispanic women with higher incomes and education and those with two or more chronic conditions

79
Q

How many categories is holistic medicine divided into?

A

5

  • alternative medicine
  • mind-body interventions
  • biologically-based therapy
  • body-based methods
  • energy therapies
80
Q

What is the NCCIH?

A

The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health

81
Q

Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are examples of what kind of medicine?

A

Alternative

82
Q

What type of therapy is used in tradition medicine that includes altering a patient’s diet? (Ie: low sodium diet to treat HTN)

A

biologically-based therapy

83
Q

What type of medicine alternative medicine focuses on the relationship of the body’s own healing abilities?

A

Body-based methods

84
Q

Therapeutic touch is an example of what type of therapy?

A

Energy

85
Q

What the four main concepts of Holistic Nursing?

A
  1. Therapeutic use of self
  2. Meanings
  3. Role modeling
  4. Integrated lifestyle and practice
86
Q

An example of spiritual holistic nursing is:

A

Inspiring hope

87
Q

What is the best treatment to treat psychiatric problems?

A

A combination of psychotherapy and medication

88
Q

What are the three types of relationships?

A
  1. Intimate
  2. Social
  3. Therapeutic
89
Q

What is the key component for forming a therapeutic relationship?

A

Self-awareness

90
Q

Who identified the phenomenon of transference?

A

Sigmund Freud

91
Q

_______ occurs when a the patient unconsciously and inappropriately displaces (transfers) onto the nurse’s feelings and behaviors related to significant figures in the patient’s past.

A

Transference

92
Q

The reversal of transference is ________.

A

Countertransference (the nurses is projecting onto the patient)

93
Q

Who introduced the concept of the nurse-patient relationship in her book Interpersonal Relations In Nursing?

A

Hildegard Peplau

94
Q

What are the four phases of Peplau’s therapeutic and nontherapeutic nursing relationship?

A
  1. Preorientation
  2. Orientation
  3. Working phase
  4. Termination
95
Q

What refers to the nurse’s ability to be open, honest, and authentic in her interactions?

A

Genuineness

96
Q

_____ occurs when the helping person attempts to understand the world from the patient’s point of view.

A

Empathy

97
Q

_____feels pity/sorry for the patient

A

Sympathy

98
Q

What three main factors influence communication?

A
  1. Personal
  2. Environmental
  3. Relationship
99
Q

_______ communication consists of all the words a patient speaks

A

Verbal

100
Q

_________ communication involves physical appearances, hand postures, sighs, facial expressions, yawning, etc.

A

Nonverbal

101
Q

Mehrabian indicates that __________ cues are a better predictor of attitude than feelings are.

A

Nonverbal

102
Q

The verbal message is often the ______ of the message.

A

Content

103
Q

the nonverbal message is often called the ______ of the message.

A

Process

104
Q

Characterized by two or more mutually contradicted messaged given by a person in power.

A

Double-bind message

105
Q

What are 4 cultural considerations that may prove problematic for a nurse interpreting nonverbal/verbal cues?

A
  1. Communication style
  2. Eye contact
  3. Touch
  4. Cultural fillers (a form of bias, what we chose to pay attention to/ignore)
106
Q

_________refers to the critical conversation and reflection regarding an experience that results in growth and learning.

A

Debriefing

107
Q

Diverse culture has evolved from three broad categories. They are:

A
  1. Nonverbal communication
  2. Etiquette
  3. Beliefs and values
108
Q

What is the culture’s worldview, beliefs, values, and practices that are transmitted to its members?

A

Enculturation

109
Q

When psychological distress is expressed as a physical problem, it is called __________.

A

Somatization

110
Q

What are the five constructs of Campinha-Bactoe’s model?

A
  1. Cultural awareness
  2. Cultural knowledge
  3. Cultural encounter
  4. Cultural skill
  5. Cultural desire
111
Q

What are the four main rights of the patient?

A
  1. Informed consent
  2. Refusal of treatment
  3. Confidentiality
  4. Right to receive services
112
Q

What are the four types of psychological admission?

A
  1. Voluntary
  2. Involuntary
  3. Temporary Detention Order (TDO)
  4. Commitment
113
Q

Pt: “The FBI wants to kill me.”
Ns: “I find that hard to believe”

A

therapeutic

Voicing Doubt

114
Q

Pt: “Mr. J always calls me sweetie pie, I get so mad when he does that”
Ns: “perhaps you should consider how he is feeling”

A

Nontherapeutic

Belittling feelings

115
Q

Pt: “My dad always used to tuck me in at night”
Ns: “I’d like you to talk more about your relationship with your dad.”

A

Therapeutic

Focusing

116
Q

Ns: “Good morning Sue, I see that you are wearing you hair bow you made in OT.”

A

Therapeutic

Recognition

117
Q

Pt: “I didn’t really mean it when I said I wanted to die.”
Ns: “What makes you say those kind of things?”

A

Nontherapeutic

Requesting an explanation

118
Q

Pt: “Do you think I should get a divorce?”
Ns: “What do you think would be best for you?”

A

Therapeutic

Reflecting

119
Q

Pt: “Whenever I ask for a different therapy, my doctor just ignores me!”
Ns: “I’m sure he knows what is best for you.”

A

Nontherapeutic

Defending

120
Q

Pt: “We always had so much fun on the holidays when I was growing up.”
Ns: “Tell me more about what it was like when you were a little girl.”

A

Therapeutic

Exploring

121
Q

Pt: Mute-refusing to talk
Ns: “It must have been a horrible experience for you being the only survivor of an automobile accident.”

A

Therapeutic

Verbalizing the implied

122
Q

Pt: “I don’t think my life will ever be the same again.”
Ns: “Cheer up. Everything is going to be okay.”

A

Nontherapeutic

Giving reassurance

123
Q

Pt: “I feel like such a failure in the eyes of my family.”
Ns: “You feel as if you let your family down.”

A

Therapeutic

Restating

124
Q

Pt: “Do you think I should leave home and get an apartment of my own?”
Ns: “I think you would be much better off away from your parents.”

A

Nontherapeutic

Giving advice

125
Q

Pt: “Good morning, nurse.”
Ns: “Good morning Patricia, what would you like to talk about today?“

A

Therapeutic

Giving broad openings

126
Q

Pt: “I’d like to talk about my relationship with my boyfriend, Jack.”
Ns: “Oh, let’s not talk about that, you talk about him too much.”

A

Nontherapeutic

Rejecting

127
Q

Pt: “I want to call my husband.”
Ns: “Why do you want to talk to him after the way he has treated you?”

A

Nontherapeutic

Requesting an explanation

128
Q

The quality of a therapeutic relationship depends on the:

A

Need of the patient

129
Q

What are the three phases of a working interview?

A
  1. Orientation
  2. Working
  3. Resolution
130
Q

“Tell me more about your relationship with you father” is an example of what kind of therapeutic communication?

A

Focusing

131
Q

________ is one’s way to cope with day to day living

A

Stress

132
Q

What level of anxiety exhibits altered perceptions and change of behavior?

A

Severe

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