Growth

Question 1

what is the Z score on a growth chart?

Answer 1

number of SD away from the mean an individual is

Question 2

what percent are within 1SD?

Answer 2

68%

Question 3

what percent are within 2SD

Answer 3

95%

Question 4

how far apart are centile lines?

Answer 4

2/3rd of a SD apart

Question 5

why are bottle-fed babies bigger than breastfed babies?

Answer 5

lack of signalling to tell the baby to stop suckling that comes from hindmilk

Question 6

what three things do growth charts look at?

Answer 6

growth
BMI
puberty

Question 7

when is further assessment required into growth?

Answer 7

<0.4th centile
height more than 3 centiles below mid-parental centile
drop in height centile of >2

Question 8

what is the relation of the child’s height to the mid-parental centile?

Answer 8

most are within 2 centile spaces of mid-parental centile

Question 9

what does a BMI >91st centile indicate?

Answer 9

overweight

Question 10

what does a BMI >98th centile indicate?

Answer 10

obese

Question 11

genetic cause of being overweight?

Answer 11

Prader-Willi syndrome

Question 12

presentation at birth of babies with Prader-Willi syndrome

Answer 12

floppy

ability to suck is absent

Question 13

childhood developments in Prader-Willi syndrome

Answer 13

hyperphagia

reduced BMR due to low muscle tone

Question 14

what is Prader-Willi syndrome associated with?

Answer 14

learning difficulties
hypogonadism
short stature

Question 15

Tanner 1 / pre-puberty in boys

Answer 15

high voices

no signs of development

Question 16

tanner 2-3 / in puberty in boys

Answer 16

slight deepening of voice
hair growth
enlargement of penis/testes

Question 17

Tanner 4-5 / completing puberty

Answer 17

voice broken
hair growth
adult sized penis

Question 18

when is puberty precocious in boys?

Answer 18

before 9

Question 19

why is there increased risk of precocious puberty if obese?

Answer 19

leptin increases GnRH

Question 20

what age is puberty considered delayed?

Answer 20

if no signs of puberty by 14

Question 21

what age have boys completed puberty?

Answer 21

17

Question 22

Tanner 1 /pre-puberty in girls

Answer 22

no signs of development

Question 23

Tanner 2-3/ in puberty in girls

Answer 23

breast enlargement

pubic or armpit hair

Question 24

Tanner 4-5 / completing puberty

Answer 24

periods with signs of development

Question 25

when is puberty considered precocious in girls?

Answer 25

before 8

Question 26

when is puberty considered delayed in girls

Answer 26

if no signs of pubertal development by 13

Question 27

what age have most girls completed puberty?

Answer 27

16