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Oncology > Nasal and Oral Tumors > Flashcards

Nasal and Oral Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Are oral melanomas of dogs more often benign or malignant?

A

Malignant

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2
Q

What % of oral melanoma dogs have bone involvement?

A

Over 50%

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3
Q

Where do oral melanomas commonly metastasize to?

A

Tonsils and regional LNs (also lungs)

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4
Q

How do you diagnose an oral melanoma in a dog?

A

Biopsy

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5
Q

What is the MST for a canine oral melanoma with no treatment?

A

2 months

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6
Q

What surgical options are there for treating canine oral melanoma/SCC?

A

Mandibulectomy or maxillectomy

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7
Q

What is the MST for a canine oral melanoma treated with mandibulectomy/maxillectomy?

A

6-12mo

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8
Q

By how much does chemotherapy treatment after surgery increase MST for canine oral melanomas?

A

Increases MST to 2y

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9
Q

What are prognostic factors assoc. w/oral melanoma in dogs?

A

Size, location, stage, and local recurrence

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10
Q

What is the 2nd most common oral tumor in dogs?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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11
Q

What % of canine oral SCC have bone involvement?

A

Over 70%

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12
Q

Is metastasis more common with canine oral melanomas or SCC?

A

Melanoma

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13
Q

How do you diagnose a canine oral SCC?

A

Biopsy

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14
Q

What is the MST for a canine oral SCC treated with mandibulectomy and maxillectomy?

A

18mo

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15
Q

How does chemotherapy affect a canine oral SCC?

A

Does not result in good survival times

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16
Q

Combination of surgery and what other treatment modality increases survival time of canine oral SCC by two?

A

Radiation therapy

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17
Q

What is the most common malignant oral tumor in dogs?

A

Oral malignant melanoma

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18
Q

What dog breeds are more commonly affected by oral malignant melanomas?

A

Chows, GR, poodle, cockers

19
Q

What is a melanoma?

A

Tumor of melanocytes

20
Q

What % of oral malignant melanomas are amelanotic and may not contain any melanin?

A

1/3

21
Q

What are other common places for melanomas to occur in dogs?

A 
Cutaneous (usually benign)
Nail beds (50% malignant)
22
Q

Once a diagnosis of oral malignant melanoma is made, what are the tests done to determine staging?

A

MDB, regional LN aspirates, thoracic rads

23
Q

How can radiation therapy be used to help treat oral malignant melanoma?

A

Can shrink tumor or temporarily slow its growth

24
Q

Which chemotherapy agents have mild efficacy in temporarily shrinking oral malignant melanomas?

A

Platinum agents (carboplatin and cisplatin)

25
Q

When is the oral malignant melanoma vaccine meant to be given to a dog?

A

After OMM has developed

26
Q

What is the MoA of the melanoma vaccine?

A

Antibody response against tyrosinase

27
Q

What is the oral malignant melanoma size cut off for good prognosis?

A

<2cm

28
Q

Dogs with oral malignant melanomas in what region of the mouth have a better prognosis?

A

Rostral oral cavity

29
Q

Which dog breeds are predisposed to nasal tumors?

A

Dolichocephalics

30
Q

Nasal tumors make up what % of respiratory tumors in dogs?

A

60-80%

31
Q

What are the three most common clinical signs seen with nasal tumors in dogs?

A

Epistaxis, sneezing, nasal discharge

32
Q

What is the most common nasal tumor in dogs?

A

Adenocarcinoma

33
Q

What is the biologic behavior of most canine nasal tumors?

A

Locally aggressive, bony destruction, sinus/cribiform involvement

34
Q

What % of canine nasal tumors have bilateral involvement?

A

80-90%

35
Q

Why are radiographs less desirable for diagnosing canine nasal tumors even though they have similar sensitivity for detecting abnormalities as CT/MRI?

A

Less effective for staging disease

36
Q

How do you definitively diagnose a canine nasal tumor?

A

Rhinoscopy and biopsy

37
Q

What is the MST for canine nasal tumor with no treatment?

A

3mo

38
Q

What type of nasal tumors respond to Piroxicam 50% of the time?

A

Carcinomas

39
Q

What is the MST for canine nasal tumors treated with Piroxicam?

A

3mo

40
Q

What is the MST for canine nasal tumors treated with surgery?

A

3mo

41
Q

What is the treatment of choice for nasal tumors?

A

Radiation therapy

42
Q

What is the MST for canine nasal tumors treated with radiation therapy?

A

12mo

43
Q

What are side effects of radiation treatment of nasal tumors?

A

Hair loss (usually regrows), mucositis, dry nose

Oncology (15 decks)

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