Chemotherapeutic Drugs

Question 1

Which chemo drug is adriamycin?

Answer 1

Doxorubicin

Question 2

What are adverse effects of doxorubicin in cats?

Answer 2

Renal toxicity

Question 3

What are adverse effects of doxorubicin in dogs?

Answer 3

Cardiotoxic

Question 4

Which breeds need to be prescreened for DCM prior to administration of doxorubicin?

Answer 4

Boxers and Dobermans

Question 5

How do you treat doxorubicin extravasation?

Answer 5

Localize and neutralize (cold compress + 10x dexrazoxane)

Question 6

Which chemo is used in metronomics?

Answer 6

Cyclophosphamide

Question 7

What is a side effect of cyclophosphamide?

Answer 7

Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis

Question 8

How can you prolong onset/prevent sterile hemorrhagic cystitis during cyclophosphamide treatment?

Answer 8

Concurrent furosemide

Question 9

What is a side effect of vincristine?

Answer 9

Paralytic ileus

Question 10

How do you treat vincristine extravasation?

Answer 10

Dilute and disperse (warm compress + hyaluronidase)

Question 11

Why can L-asparaginase cause anaphylaxis?

Answer 11

Protein enzyme elicits immune response

Question 12

Which chemo drug is used most for lymphosarcoma relapse?

Answer 12

L-asparaginase

Question 13

Which chemo drug should NOT be given IV?

Answer 13

L-asparaginase

Question 14

Which chemo drug is used for osteosarcoma in dogs?

Answer 14

Cisplatin/carboplatin

Question 15

What does cisplatin cause in cats?

Answer 15

Fatal pulmonary edema

Question 16

How can you decrease toxicity of cisplatin in dogs?

Answer 16

Diuresis

Question 17

Which rarely used chemo drug is neurotoxic to cats?

Answer 17

5-flurouracil

Question 18

How do we dose chemotherapy?

Answer 18

mg/m2 (except in small dogs)

Question 19

Which gene mutation of Collies/Aus shepherds alters drug metabolism and therefore necessitates a lower chemo dose?

Answer 19

MDR-1/ABCB-1

Question 20

Which chemo drugs most heavily affect MDR-1/ABCB-1 mutated dogs (and should be avoided if possible)?

Answer 20

Doxorubicin, antimitotics

Question 21

How much should the chemo dose be reduced for an MDR-1/ABCB-1 mutated dog?

Answer 21

30-40%

Question 22

Why should the chemo dose for a MDR-1/ABCB-1 mutation be reduced?

Answer 22

Mutation = less drug removal = incr. risk in these dogs

Question 23

When is adjuvant chemo given?

Answer 23

After surgery

Question 24

When is neoadjuvant chemo given?

Answer 24

Prior to surgery in attempts to shrink the tumor

Question 25

When is induction/maintenance chemo given?

Answer 25

If chemo is only treatment being used

Question 26

What is palliative chemo?

Answer 26

Improving QoL by treating clinical signs

Question 27

What % of chemo patients have no/minimal side effects?

Answer 27

80-85%

Question 28

What are antimitotic chemo drugs?

Answer 28

Vincristine and vinblastine

Question 29

What is the MoA of antimitotic chemo drugs?

Answer 29

Disrupts mitosis

Question 30

What are antimitotic chemo drugs derived from?

Answer 30

Vinca alkaloids (Periwinkle)

Question 31

Which chemo drug is neuropathic after 4-5 cumulative doses?

Answer 31

Vincristine

Question 32

What chemo drug is mostly used for CNS tumors?

Answer 32

Cytosine

Question 33

What are antimetabolite chemo drugs?

Answer 33

Cytosine and 5-fluorouracil

Question 34

Which chemo drugs are very rarely used?

Answer 34

Antimetabolites

Question 35

What is the MoA of alkylating chemo agents?

Answer 35

Bind DNA strands to change their structure

Question 36

Which chemo drug is used specifically for mulitple myeloma?

Answer 36

Melphalan

Question 37

What causes cyclophosphamide-assoc. sterile hemorrhagic cystitis?

Answer 37

Acrolin metabolites in bladder

Question 38

What can you give concurrently with CCNU to prevent liver toxicity?

Answer 38

Denamarin

Question 39

What are antibiotic chemo drugs?

Answer 39

Doxorubicin and mitoxantrone