Cold wx/Contaminated ops

Question 1

A contaminated runway is defined as:

Answer 1

1. More than 25% covered
2. 3mm or greater of standing water, slush or wet snow
3. 10mm or greater of dry snow
4. compacted snow

Below these limits use wet data
above -5 degrees C treat snow as slush

Perf 4.4

Question 2

T/O thrust limitation on contaminated rwys

Answer 2

reduced thrust NOT allowed

FCOM SP16

Question 3

Maximum allowable depths of contaminants:

Answer 3

13 mm (1/2 inch) of slush/wet snow/standing water

100 mm (4 inches) of dry snow

FCOM SP16

Question 4

Icing conditions exist when:

Answer 4

OAT/TAT less than or equal to 10 degrees C

Visible moisture/visibility less than equal to 1500m

Ice/slush/snow/standing water

FCOM SP16

Question 5

In contaminated conditions, there must be no deficiencies allowed of any element of the braking system, including:

Answer 5

speed brakes
reversers
wheel brakes
anti-skid

Perf 4.4

Question 6

Min cleared rwy width:

Answer 6

45 m symmetrically around C/Line

Perf 4.4

Question 7

max tailwind in contaminated conditions

Answer 7

5 kts

Perf 4.4

Question 8

ONLY allowable contamination on a/c:

Answer 8

3mm of frost on the underside of wing in the general area of the fuel tanks. NO ridges allowed

Thin hoar frost on the fuselage provoded static vents are clear

OM A 8.8.4a

Question 9

At LHR, spot deicing or technical de-icing is done by:

Answer 9

Engineering (131.905)

OM A 8.8.4c

Question 10

At LHR, Airframe icing is done by:

Answer 10

De-icing control at ETD-20 mins (131.785)

Question 11

Max Reverse thrust MUST be used when:

Answer 11

The rwy is covered by standing water, snow, slush or ice

The target threshold speed has been increased for a deficiency

There is any unserviceability of speed brakes, wheel brakes or anti skid

Question 12

What time must be entered into the AML on a two step deicing process

Answer 12

Start time of second stage

Question 13

Engine Start Procedure

G-STBA- G-STBL
If Cold Soaked for more than ….

Answer 13

4 hours at -40˚C do not start or motor engine until maintenance input completed.

Question 14

Engine start in cold conditions ….

Answer 14

 Oil Pressure slow to rise
 Initial oil pressure higher than normal
 Additional warm up time may be needed
 Displays may require additional warm up time

Question 15

Engine Warm Up Times - GE:

Answer 15

GE:
Recommend: 3 mins
Required: Engine Oil Temp above bottom of scale

Question 16

Engine Warm Up Times- RR:

Answer 16

RR:
Recommend: if more than 1.5 hrs shutdown = 5 mins or 3 mins if less than 1.5 hors

Question 17

Engine Anti-Ice requirements after start:

Answer 17

 On immediately after engine start in icing conditions

 Not require below -40˚OAT

 Do not use when OAT> 10˚

FCOM SP.16

Question 18

Before Taxi Procedure - in contaminated conditions - considerations:

Answer 18

 Consider delaying flight control check if there is contamination on wing

 Delay Flap Extension

 Think about Engine Run-up Requirements

FCOM SP.16

Question 19

Taxi Out Engine Run-up Requirements:

Answer 19

Anti-Ice required and OAT is 3˚ or below:

Small GE: Min 50% N1 for ≈ 1sec every 15 minutes

Large GE and RR: Min 50% N1 ≈ 1sec every 60 minutes

(FCOM SP.16)

Question 20

Before Takeoff Procedure in contaminated conditions, approaching the T/O Rwy PF calls:

Answer 20

call “SELECT FLAPS”

Question 21

Before Takeoff Procedure

G-YMMA-G-YMMU - oil temperature must be greater than or equal to:

Answer 21

50 degrees C

Question 22

Take off procedure - engine run ups:

Answer 22

OAT is 3˚ and below & EAI required = Static Run-up

o RR- Min 50% N1; confirm stable

o GE- Min 50% N1; confirm stable and engine vibration below 4 units

Question 23

RR engines - Taxi with Freezing Fog Restrictions:

Answer 23

With freezing fog (visibility

Question 24

Fan Ice Removal procedure

Answer 24

Avoid prolonged flight in moderate to severe icing.

See FCOM SP 16.10 for further details - involves either rapidly reducing or increasing power on the engines

Question 25

Fuel Freezing (FCTM 4.11)

Min in flight = XXX°C above Fuel freeze point
(FUEL TEMP LOW advisory message).

Answer 25

3 °C

Question 26

Fuel temp will trend towards TAT at approx. XXX° per hour.

Answer 26

3 °C

Question 27

3 Options to raise fuel temp…

Increasing Mach by 0.01 raises TAT by approximately XX degrees C, but has no immediate effect on the actual fuel temp in tank.

Answer 27

o Climb/Descend to warmer air
o Deviate to warmer air
o Increase Mach number

Increasing Mach by 0.01 raises TAT by approx. 0.5° - 0.7°C, but has no immediate effect on the actual fuel temperature in the tank.

Question 28

Fuel Freezing (FCTM 4.11)

For blends of fuel the most conservative freezing point of the mix until XXX consecutive refuelling’s with a lower freeze point have been completed

Answer 28

3 consecutive refuels

Question 29

Signs of Ice Crystal Icing…

QRH

Answer 29

 Visible moisture
 Amber or red returns below aircraft
 Liquid water on windscreen at temperatures too cold for rain
 A/T unable to maintain speed or disconnects
 TAT at or near 0˚
 Abnormal engine vibration indications
 Turbulence
 St. Elmo’s Fire
 Sulphur/ozone smell
 Humidity increase

Question 30

Cold Temperature Altimeter Correction

In conditions where the surface temperature at an airport is less than XXX pilots should add the values derived from cold weather calculator App to the published procedure altitudes at the Final Approach Fix and the MDA/DA to ensure adequate obstacle clearance.

(OM A 8.13.4.a)

Answer 30

ISA - 25˚C

OM A 8.13.4.a

Question 31

Alt over reads by approx. XXXXXXX drop below ISA - consider corrections to MOA

Answer 31

4% of height/10°C

Question 32

True or false:

IFR assigned altitudes accepted by a pilot shall not be adjusted to compensate for cold temperatures,

Answer 32

TRUE

OM A 8.13.4.a

Question 33

When corrections are applied to a published FAF altitude, pilots should ….

Answer 33

advise ATC how much of a correction is to be applied.

OM A 8.13.4.a

Question 34

Landing is permitted in up to XXXXX of dry snow using Normal landing weights.

Answer 34

10 cm (4 ins) of dry snow

Question 35

For contaminated conditions, Wet snow should be treated as XXX and compacted snow as YYY.

Answer 35

Wet snow should be treated as slush and compacted snow as ice.

Question 36

Minimum acceptable width of cleared runway is XXX

Answer 36

45 m

Question 37

Landing in:

o slush or excessive water deeper than XXX or,
o snow deeper than YYY

should be avoided where possible, as airframe damage may result if these limitations are exceeded

Answer 37

o slush or excessive water deeper than 13 mm (0.5 ins)

o snow deeper than 100 mm (4 ins)

Question 38

Contaminated Arrival Checks:

If severe icing on the approach or landing onto slush/snow….

Answer 38

… then leave flaps extended and request inspection

consider telling ATC - in the USA it can be a sign of hijack

Question 39

If landing in freezing fog …..

Answer 39

… request a Fan Blade inspection

Question 40

After Landing procedure

FCOM SP

Answer 40

 Taxy at reduced speed
 EAI selected on
 Run-ups as per taxi out

Question 41

Landing in snow and slush (PM 4.6)

Max height of snow banks depend on ….

Answer 41

… the cleared width

cleared width 45 m … max height 45 cm
58 m … 76 cm
67 m … 1.5 m