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Nutrition 100 > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

In which of the following are ample amounts of carbohydrates almost always found?

A

Plant Foods

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2
Q

Which of the following is known as fruit sugar or levulose?

A

Fructose

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3
Q

The chemical reaction by which starch is split into monosaccharides is termed

A

hydrolosis

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4
Q

What is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in the body?

A

Glycogen

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5
Q

What are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin?

A

Fibers

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6
Q

What is the primary means for degradation of soluble fibers in the large intestines?

A

Bacterial Enzyme

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7
Q

What is the primary absorption site for digestible carbohydrates?

A

Small Intestine

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8
Q

Which condition is a known indicator of prediabetes?

A

Insulin Resistance

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9
Q

Enzymatic digestion of starches takes place both in the small intestine and the ____.​

A

Mouth

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10
Q

In what organ is most of the body’s glycogen found?

A

Muscles

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11
Q

What is the primary function of insulin?

A

Stimulates Glycogen Breakdown

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12
Q

The process by which an amino acid is used to make glucose is termed

A

gluconeogenesis

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13
Q

When blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose?

A

Glucagon

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14
Q

When you are under physical stress, what hormone is released quickly to stimulate an increase in blood glucose concentration?

A

Epinephrine

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15
Q

A person eating lots of white bread, white rice, and ready-to-eat cereals would have a diet with a glycemic index that is

A

high

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16
Q

When a typical body is at rest, what is the maximum amount of time stores of glycogen can provide energy to sustain the body?

A

1 day

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17
Q

What is the predominant sweetener used in formulating beverages?

A

high fructose corn syrup

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18
Q

Which of the following is best known to result from regular ingestion of sugar?

A

Dental Caries

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19
Q

What are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin?

A

Fibers

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20
Q

Which of the following is a typical response in people following a low-carbohydrate diet?

A

Total weight loss after one year is the same as in people on a low-fat diet

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21
Q

Which ingredient listed on food labels would be acceptable to the person who is highly intolerant to lactose in the diet?

A

Dextrins

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22
Q

Which specific type of sugar is known as blood sugar or dextrose?

A

glucose

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23
Q

What is stevia?

A

herb derived sweetener

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24
Q

What is the composition of sucrose?

A

one glucose one fructose unit

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25
Q

What is a normal range (in mg/dL) for blood glucose?

A

70-99

26
Q

What is a serving size for an apple?

A

1 medium apple

27
Q

What is the surprising health promoting benefit strawberry consumption has?

A

Blood sugar balance

28
Q

How many days can one keep fresh ripe raspberries in the refrigerator?

A

2

29
Q

Which of the following fruit is best known for providing enzymes which function as a digestive aid and anti-inflammatory compound?

A

Papaya

30
Q

Which food is most commonly associated with allergic reactions in individuals with latex allergies?

A

banana

31
Q

Which of the following has consistently been ranked among the top fruits and vegetables tested for antioxidant activity?

A

blueberries

32
Q

Which fruit is known for blocking the infection-causing bacteria from attaching to the urinary tract lining?

A

cranberries

33
Q

Which of the following fruit is the best source of vitamin A?

A

Prunes

34
Q

Which of the following fruit contains unique flavonoid phytonutrients, which promote a healthy heart?

A

lemons

35
Q

Which of the following provides the best source of potassium?

A

1 medium papaya

36
Q

What does the acronym GMO stand for?

A

Genetically Modified Organism

37
Q

What does GMO mean?

A

Any food product that has been altered at the gene level

38
Q

Refined grains have been stripped of

A

Germ

39
Q

What type of barley is the most nutritious?

A

Hulled

40
Q

Which of the following is not actually a true grain but a fruit seed that is related to rhubarb?

A

Buckwheat

41
Q

What is a tiny round shaped grain that does not contain gluten?

A

Millet

42
Q

What type of wheat is used for making cakes, cookies, pastries, and crackers?

A

Soft Wheat

43
Q

What is considered an ancient grain but is actually a seed with grain-like properties?

A

Amaranth

44
Q

What measures how fast insulin rises after 100 grams of food has been eaten?

A

glycemic index

45
Q

This grain’s bran and germ stays intake even when hulled.

A

Oats

46
Q

Which of the following grains provides all nine essential amino acids, which makes it a complete protein?

A

quinoa

47
Q

Which grain is very difficult to separate the germ and bran from the endosperm; therefore, retaining a large quantity of nutrients?

A

Rye

48
Q

Which of the following grains does not contain gluten?

A

Buckwheat

49
Q

Monosaccarides

A

Fructose, glucose, galactose

50
Q

Maltose

A

2 glucose units, occurs in fermentation process, alcohol

51
Q

Sucrose

A

Fructose and glucose

52
Q

Lactose

A

Galactose and Glucose

53
Q

Disaccarides

A

Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose

54
Q

Polysaccarides

A

glycogen, starches, fibers

55
Q

glycogen

A

many glucose molecules for storage

56
Q

phytic acid

A

fiber that helps bind minerals with insoluble complexes in the intestine that the body then excretes, preventing absorption

57
Q

Soluble fiber

A

viscous and fermentable

58
Q

insoluble fiber

A

nonviscous, promote bowel movements

59
Q

Maltase

A

enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose

60
Q

Sucrase

A

enzyme that hydrolyzes Sucrose

61
Q

Lactase

A

enzyme that hydrolyzes Lactose

Nutrition 100 (6 decks)

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