Gas Exchange Flashcards
name the diagram for lungs
ok
which ones have cartilage trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli
trachea
bronchi
which ones have ciliated epithelium trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
which ones have goblet cell trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli
trachea
bronchi
which ones have smooth muscles trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
which ones have elastic fibres
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
structure and function of alveoli
elastic fibres = recoil/force air out
constant flow of blood = maintaining gradients
thin walls = faster diffusion
what are short term effects of smoking
tar
carbon monoxide
nicotine
appearances of short term effect of smoking
tar deposits/scar tissue/damaged cilia/mucus accumalated
describe effect of tar
settles on epithelial lining and leads to lung cancer
describe effect of carbon monoxide
forms carboxyhaemoblogin
reduce oxygen carrying capacity
causes platelets and neutrophils to stick together
competitive binding
describe effects of nicotine
increase heart rate
increase blood pressure
makes platelets sticky
less blood flow to fingers/toes
what are long term effects of smoking
chronic bronchitis
emphysema
describe chronic bronchitis
tar stimulates goblet cells to secrete more mucus
cleaning action is affected
many cilia destroyed and mucus accumulates
damaged epithelia is replaced by scar tissue = thickening of air ways
describe emphysema
constantly infected lungs caused by infection cause phagocytes to line air ways from blood
digesting enzyme elastase released - destroyed elastin fibre to make pathway for phagocytes
alveoli don’t recoil/stretch - bursts
