Exam 1

Question 1

How do we define gait

Answer 1

a repetitious sequence of limb movement to move the body forward while simultaneously maintaining stance stability

Question 2

What is considered a gait cycle

Answer 2

a single sequence of one limb

Question 3

Where do normal patients initiate contact and what is that term called?

Answer 3

with their heel, it is called heel strike

Question 4

Why do we use the term “initial contact” instead of “heel strike”

Answer 4

because not all patients can achieve heel strike

Question 5

What are the two cycle divisions of gait?

Answer 5

stance and swing

Question 6

What is the definition of the stance phase

Answer 6

The entire period during which the foot is in contact with the ground

Question 7

When does stance phase begin

Answer 7

with initial contact

Question 8

What are the three subdivisions of stance phase

Answer 8

1. Initial double stance
2. Single stance/mid stance
3. Terminal double stance

Question 9

Which phase of stance begins gait cycle with both feet on the floor after initial contact

Answer 9

initial double stance

Question 10

Which phase of stance being when opposite foot is lifted for swing (toe-off) and the entire body weight is on one extremity

Answer 10

Single stance

Question 11

Which phase of stance begins with floor contact by other foot (contralateral initial contact) and continues until original stance limb is lifted for swing (ipsilateral toe off)

Answer 11

terminal double stance

Question 12

How do we define swing phase of gait

Answer 12

begins as the original foot is lifted off the floor and continues until foot returns to the floor

Question 13

What are the cycle division percentages and their sub-percentages

Answer 13

60% = 10% each double stance interval, 40% single limb support

40% swing

Question 14

Why is the percentage of swing phase the same as single limb stance phase?

Answer 14

They occur at the same time

Question 15

How do we define the term “stride”

Answer 15

a single gait cycle and is based on the actions of one limb. Initial contact of R leg to initial contact of R leg again. (two steps)

Question 16

How do we define the term “Step”

Answer 16

refers to the timing between two separate limbs. Initial contact R to initial contact L.

Question 17

How many steps are in a gait cycle/or stride

Answer 17

two

Question 18

What two key aspects are significant in each phase when it comes to gait analysis

Answer 18

timing and joint angle

Question 19

What are the three basic tasks a limb needs to accomplish during gait

Answer 19

1. weight acceptance
2. Single limb support
3. Swing limb advancement

Question 20

When does weight acceptance occur during gait

Answer 20

begins is the stance period and uses the first two phases (initial contact and loading response)

Question 21

When does single limb support occur during gait

Answer 21

Through mid-stance and terminal stance

Question 22

When does swing limb advancement occur during gait

Answer 22

pre-swing, initial swing, mid swing, and terminal swing

Question 23

Which of the three basic tasks that a limb needs to accomplish during gait is the most challenging task?

Answer 23

weight acceptance

Question 24

What are the three functional demands of weight acceptance

Answer 24

Shock absorption, initial limb stability, preservation of progression

Question 25

What is the first phase of gait

Answer 25

Initial contact

Question 26

Define initial contact

Answer 26

The moment the foot touches the floor and immediate reaction to the onset of body weight transfer

Question 27

Define loading response

Answer 27

Body weight transferred onto limb and continues until other foot is lifted for swing

Question 28

What is the second phase of gait

Answer 28

loading response

Question 29

what is the third phase of gait

Answer 29

Mid stance

Question 30

Define mid stance

Answer 30

First half of single limb support and begins when the other foot is lifted. It continues until body weight is aligned over forefoot

Question 31

What is the fourth phase of gait

Answer 31

terminal stance

Question 32

define terminal stance

Answer 32

Completes single limb support and begins with heel rise of original foot. Continues until other foot strikes the ground.

Question 33

What is the fifth phase of gait

Answer 33

pre-swing

Question 34

Define pre-swing

Answer 34

The second double stance interval and begins with initial contact of contralateral limb and ends with ipsilateral toe-off

Question 35

what is the sixth phase of gait

Answer 35

initial swing

Question 36

Define initial swing

Answer 36

Begins with lift of foot from floor and ends when swinging foot is opposite stance foot

Question 37

What is the seventh phase of gait

Answer 37

mid swing

Question 38

define midswing

Answer 38

Begins as swinging limb is opposite stance limb and ends when swinging limb is forward and tibia is vertical

Question 39

What is the eighth phase of gate

Answer 39

Terminal swings

Question 40

define terminal swing

Answer 40

Begins with a vertical tibia and ends when foot strikes the floor. Limb advancement is complete as the leg move ahead of the thigh