Chapter 7 Review Flashcards
Effortful processing is to ________ as automatic processing is to ________.
a. explicit memory; implicit memory
b. implicit memory; explicit memory
c. declarative memory; nondeclarative memory
d. explicit memory; nondeclarative memory
a. explicit memory; implicit memory
Many students review course material at various times during a semester so they will be prepared for the final exam. These students are especially likely to retain the information far into the future. This best illustrates the value of
a. distributed practice.
b. implicit memory.
c. state-dependent memory.
d. the testing effect.
a. distributed practice.
The amount of material remembered is determined by
a. the amount of time spent learning.
b. making the information meaningful.
c. both the amount of time spent learning and making the information meaningful.
d. neither the amount of time spent learning nor making the information meaningful.
c. both the amount of time spent learning and making the information meaningful.
If you experience a traumatic event, why are you more likely to remember it than to forget it?
a. Memory of traumatic events is coded differently in the brain making it likely that all of it is remembered in great detail.
b. This is actually a false statement. We are more likely to forget rather than remember the traumatic event.
c. This effect results from repression.
d. Experiencing trauma releases stress hormones that cause people to pay attention and remember the event.
d. Experiencing trauma releases stress hormones that cause people to pay attention and remember the event.
Which of the following brain structures is involved in the formation of explicit memories?
a. cerebellum
b. frontal lobes
c. basal ganglia
d. amygdala
b. frontal lobes
Memories of emotionally stressful events are likely to be strong because of activation of the
a. basal ganglia.
b. amygdala.
c. cerebellum.
d. hypothalamus.
b. amygdala.
Which of the following is believed to be the synaptic basis for learning and memory?
a. priming
b. the primacy effect
c. positive transfer
d. long-term potentiation
b. the primacy effect
After suffering a brain injury in a biking accident, Abran cannot form new memories. He can, however, remember events before the accident. Abran’s memory difficulty most clearly illustrates
a. retroactive interference.
b. the misinformation effect.
c. anterograde amnesia.
d. déjà vu.
c. anterograde amnesia.
During her evening Spanish language exam, Karen so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates
a. the misinformation effect.
b. proactive interference.
c. source amnesia.
d. retroactive interference.
b. proactive interference.
One child who participated in a memory experiment falsely remembered that he once went to the hospital because he had caught his finger in a mousetrap. His false memory best illustrated the impact of
a. mood-congruent memory.
b. proactive interference.
c. suggestive interviewing.
d. sleep deprivation.
c. suggestive interviewing.
Retaining information over time through encoding, storage, and retrieval best describes
a. long-term potentiation.
b. automatic processing.
c. the two-track mind.
d. memory.
d. memory.
Mentally rehearsing the glossary definitions of unfamiliar terms in order to remember them for a later test illustrates
a. the serial position effect.
b. implicit memory.
c. effortful processing.
d. echoic memory.
c. effortful processing.
The encoding of information directly into long-term storage without the aid of working memory best illustrates
a. chunking.
b. automatic processing.
c. iconic memory.
d. the spacing effect.
b. automatic processing.
An inability to form semantic memories would most likely result from damage to the
a. basal ganglia.
b. hypothalamus.
c. cerebellum.
d. hippocampus.
d. hippocampus.
Retrieving is to ________ as identifying is to ________.
a. recall; recognition
b. recall; relearning
c. relearning; recognition
d. recognition; relearning
a. recall; recognition
