HIGH YIELD II

Question 1

what are the two types of anesthesia?

Answer 1

regional

general

Question 2

effects of general anesthesia?

Answer 2

hypnosis

amnesia

analgesia

reflex suppression

Question 3

main advantages of general anesthesia?

Answer 3

reduces patient awareness

muscle relaxation

control of airway

used for prolonging times of surgery

rapid and reversibly

Question 4

areas of the effects on body?

Answer 4

frontal lobe
-memory and visual

spinal cord
-paralysis

RAS
-wakefulness

Question 5

most common inhalation anesthetics based on MAC, from greatest to least?

Answer 5

nitrous oxide
isoflurane
sevoflurane
desflurane

Question 6

affect of general anesthesia for the increase in MAC?

Answer 6

hyperthermia
drugs (cocaine, tricyclic anti depressants, amphetamines)
infants
hypernatremia
chronic alcoholism

Question 7

affect of general anesthesia for the decrease in MAC?

Answer 7

hypothermia
neonates
elderly
preg
Drug: A2 agonist (clonidine)
physiologic extremes
hyponatremia, hypercalcemia

Question 8

pre-operative assessment?

Answer 8

hemoglobin/hematocrit
serum glucose/creatinine/X-ray
EKG

Question 9

drugs known to trigger malignant hyperthermia?

Answer 9

inhaled general anesthetics

• isoflurane
• sevoflurane
• desflurane

depolarizing muscle relaxant
-succinylcholine

Question 10

affects of regional anesthesia?

Answer 10

more tolerable than general

decrease autonomic and endocrine responses

less use for extensive airway control

post op relief

Question 11

regional anesthesia precautions?

Answer 11

tourniquets

malposition

direct nerve injury

Question 12

common anesthetics used with regional anesthesia?

Answer 12

benzos
ketamine
propafol
etomidate
narcotic

Question 13

what are the two classes of local anesthetics?

Answer 13

amides

esters

Question 14

what local anesthetics cause methemoglobinemia?

Answer 14

prilocaine

benzocaine

Question 15

cocaine and procaine are examples of what class?

this class is associated with severe allergic and anaphylactic reactions

Answer 15

esters

Question 16

best frequency for locating structures?

Answer 16

high frequency (7-15 MHZ)
superficial structures
nerves and vessels

Question 17

considerations of ultrasound tech and principles?

Answer 17

angle of insonation
adequate gel
move either ultrasound probe or needle

• better the view of the artery, better view of the nerve
• better the view of the needle, the better the nerve block