Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

TOB II > Session 1 > Flashcards

Session 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define tissue

A

A collection of cells specialised to perform a particular function.
Aggregations of tissues constitute organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define biopsy

A

The removal of a small piece of tissue from an organ or part of the body for microscopic examination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a smear biopsy?

A

Collect cells by spontaneous/mechanical exfoliation. Smear on slide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When are smear biopsys used?

A

Cervix, buccal cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a Curettage biopsy?

A

Remove tissue by scooping/scraping.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When is a Curettage biopsy used?

A

Endometrial lining of uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a needle biopsy?

A

Put needle into tissue to gather cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When is a needle biopsy used?

A

Brain, breast, liver, kidney, muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a direct incision biopsy?

A

Cut directly into tissue of interest and remove tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When is a direct incision biopsy used?

A

Skin, mouth, larynx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an endoscopic biopsy?

A

Removal of tissue via instruments through an endoscope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is an endoscopic biopsy used?

A

Lung, intestine, bladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When is transvascular biopsy used?

A

Heart, Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define fixed biopsy

A

Macromolecules cross-linked, cellular structure preserved, no autolysis or putrefaction.
Commonly used fixatives include glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define Shrinkage artifacts

A

Abnormalities on the final slide due to preparation process involving dehydrated and then rehydrated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) work?

A

Haematoxylin stains acidic components of cells, eg Nucleolus (RNA), Chromatin (DNA) purple/blue.
Eosin stains basic components of cells, eg most cytoplasmic proteins and extracellular fibres pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) work?

A

Stains carbohydrates and glycoproteins magenta.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is phase contrast microscopy?

A

Uses interference effects of two combining light waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the advantage of phase contrast microscopy?

A

Enhancing the image of unstained cells

20
Q

What is dark field microscopy?

A

Exclude unscattered beam (light/electron) from the image

21
Q

What is the advantage of dark field microscopy?

A

Live an unstained samples

22
Q

What is fluorescent microscopy?

A

Target molecule of interest with fluorescent Ab

23
Q

What is the advantage of fluorescent microscopy?

A

Use multiple different fluorescent stains on one specimen

24
Q

What is Confocal microscopy?

A

Tissue labelled with one or more fluorescent probes.

25
Q

What is the advantage of Confocal microscopy?

A

Eliminates “out of focus flare”, 3D from a series of 2D images, imaging of living specimens.

26
Q

What does the Ectoderm become?

A

Epidermis

Corneal epithelium of eye

27
Q

What does the Mesoderm become?

A

Epithelium of UG tract
Vessel lining
Pericardial/Pleural sac lining

28
Q

What does the Endoderm become?

A

Epithelia of respiratory tract
Epithelia of GI
Epithelia of Liver & glands

29
Q

Where are simple squamous epithelia found?

A 
Lining of vessels
Lining of cavities
Respiratory
Bowmans capsule
Inner ear
30
Q

What is simple squamous function?

A

Lubrication
Gas exchange
Barrier

31
Q

Where are simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Thyroid follicles
Small ducts of many exocrine glands
Kidney tubules
Surface of the ovary

32
Q

What is simple cuboidal function?

A

Absorption, conduit, secretion, barrier, hormone synthsis/storage

33
Q

Where are simple columnar epithelium?

A 
Stomach lining & gastric pits
Small intestine & colon
Gallbladder
Large ducts of some exocrine glands
Uterus
Oviducts
Ductuli efferents of testis
34
Q

What is simple columnar function?

A

Absorption
Secretion
Lubrication
Transport

35
Q

Where is pseudostratified epithelium?

A

Lining of nasal cavity, trachea and bronchi (URT)
Epididymis and ductus deferens
Auditory tube and part of tympanic cavity
Lacrimal sac
Large excretory ducts

36
Q

What is pseudostratified epithelium function?

A

Secretion, conduit, absorption, mucus secretion, particle trap/removal

37
Q

Where is stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium?

A 
Oral cavity
Oesophagus
Larynx
Vagina
Part of anal canal
Surface of cornea
Inner surface of eyelid
38
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium?

A

Protection against abrasion (all sites)

Reduces water loss whilst remaining moist

39
Q

Where is stratified squamous keratinized epithelium?

A

Surface of skin

Limited distribution in oral cavity

40
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium?

A

Protection against abrasion and physical trauma
Prevents water loss
Prevents ingress of microbes
Shields against UV light damage

41
Q

Where is stratified transitional epithelium?

A

Renal calyces (singular = calyx)
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

42
Q

What is the function of stratified transitional epithelium?

A

Distensibility

Protection of underlying tissue from toxic chemicals

43
Q

What is the structure of the basement membrane?

A

It consists of a basal lamina, which is laid down by the epithelial cells and therefore lies closest to them.
Thickness can be increased by reticular fibrils (type III collagen) elaborated by the subtending connective tissue.

44
Q

What is the function of the basement membrane?

A

It serves as a strong flexible layer to which epithelial cells adhere. It also serves as a cellular and molecular filter.
The degree to which malignant cells penetrate basement membrane is highly relevant to prognosis.*Think neoplasms

45
Q

Define microvilli

A

Apical extensions that greatly increase the surface area for selective absorption of intestinal contents.

46
Q

Define cillia

A

Extensions from cells that beat in coordinated waves. Found in the lining of the trachea where they sweep mucus and dirt out of the lungs. Also found in the fallopian tubes, where they move the ovum from the ovary to the uterus. 9+2 configuration.

47
Q

Define Stereocilia

A

Very long microvilli, extend from the surface of the ductus deferens and the Epididymis. They may have an absorptive function

TOB II (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions