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Nutrition Spring 2021 > Chapter 8: The Vitamins > Flashcards

Chapter 8: The Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

A D E K

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2
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

8 B vitamins and 1 C vitamin

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3
Q

meats provide:

A

thiamine, niacin, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12

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4
Q

Milk provides:

A

riboflavin and B12

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5
Q

Fruits and veg provide:

A

folate and vitamin C

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6
Q

Grains provide:

A

thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate

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7
Q
  • also called vitamin B1

- pork is best source for this

A

thiamine

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8
Q

-thiamine deficiency

A

beriberi

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9
Q

Beriberi (thiamine deficiency) symptoms:

A
  • weakness, difficulty walking, confusion

- seen in alcoholics (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome)

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10
Q
  • involved in TCA cycle
  • dairy products are a good source
  • unstable to light
  • deficiency is rare
A

riboflavin

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11
Q

dermatitis, inflammation of tongue, cracking of skin along corners of mouth

A

riboflavin deficiency

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12
Q
  • involved in TCA and electron transport chain

- pharmacological doses used to lower blood cholesterol

A

niacin

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13
Q

-dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea

A

-pellegra (niacin deficiency)

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14
Q
  • pyridoxine

- widely distributed in protein foods, bananas, potatoes

A

vitamin B6

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15
Q

depression, seizures, poor growth, poor immune function, skin breakdown

A

Vitamin B6 deficiency

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16
Q

Vitamin B6 drug interactions

A

alcohol, INH, oral contraceptives

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17
Q
  • needed for cell division
  • linked to neural tube defects
  • vitamin B12 required to function
  • good sources: fruits, veg, grains, liver, legumes
A

folate

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18
Q

What deficiency: malabsorption and macrocytic anemia

A

folate deficiency

19
Q

folate drug interactions

A

aspirin, antacids, smoking, oral contraceptives, methotrexate, alcohol, seizure medications

20
Q
  • synthesize by bacteria in gut
  • cobalamine
  • involved in RBC formation, maintenance of nerve and bone cells
  • absorption requires HCL, pepsin, and intrinsic factor
  • only found in animal products
A

vitamin B12

21
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency

A
  • causes macrocytic anemia

- dementia, confusion, balance problems

22
Q

promotes iron absorption

  • immune function
  • collagen formation
  • antihistamine effect
  • fruits and vegetables are good source
A

vitamin C

23
Q

bleeding gums, pinpoint hemorrhage, degeneration of muscles, poor wound healing, faltering bone rebuilding, anemia, infection, sudden death

A

Scurvy

24
Q
  • present in liver, fish oils, eggs, fortified milk, deep green and orange fruits and veggies
  • form visual pigment in retina and maintain cornea
  • needed for cell differentiation (reproduction, bone growth)
  • maintain healthy epithelial cells
A

Vitamin A

25
Q
  • vitamin and hormone
  • fair skinned people make more
  • best source from fortified milk, also in fish oils, butter, egg yolks
  • aids immune system and skin cell development
A

vitamin D

26
Q
  • deficiency in children that is rare due to milk being fortified
  • vitamin D deficiency causes this
A

rickets

27
Q

Vitamin D deficiency causes this is adults.

-associated with disease state

A

osteomalacia

28
Q
  • antioxidant for fat soluble compounds
  • protects unsaturated fats in cell membrane
  • vegetable oils, nuts and seeds, leafy green vegetables are rich source
  • tocopherol
A

vitamin E

29
Q

vitamin E deficiency

A

hemolytic anemia

30
Q

vitamin E drug interactions

A

anticoagulants

31
Q
  • blood clotting
  • help prevent osteoporosis
  • from green leafy vegetables
  • newborns need injection
A

vitamin K

32
Q

due to malabsorption, antibiotics, prolonged diarrhea

A

vitamin K deficiency

33
Q
  • principal cation of extracellular fluid
  • regulates fluid volume
  • maintains acid base balance
  • nerve transmission and muscle contraction
A

sodium

34
Q
  • anion of extracellular fluid
  • part of HCL
  • vomitting may cause loss
  • no RDA
A

chloride

35
Q
  • primary cation inside cell
  • maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
  • fresh foods are good source
  • protective against hypertension
A

potassium

36
Q
  • most abundant mineral in the body
  • 99% found in bone and teeth
  • may help prevent hypertension
  • may help prevent osteoporosis
A

calcium

37
Q
  • 2nd most abundant mineral
  • functions as a buffer
  • milk and meat are good sources
A

phosphorus

38
Q

50% in bone

  • catalyst for many enzyme reactions
  • fruits and veggies, whole grains, hard water, legumes, nuts, seeds, tofu
  • may protect from hypertension and cardiovascular disease
A

magnesium

39
Q

most found in hemoglobin and myoglobin

  • excess stored in ferritin in mucosal cells
  • vitamin C, MFP enhance absorption
A

iron

40
Q
  • most in bone, eyes, prostate

- well absorbed from meats

A

zinc

41
Q
  • part of thyroxine

- deficiency causes goiter

A

iodine

42
Q
  • in soil, water, prevents dental caries

- high levels cause fluorosis

A

fluoride

43
Q

Where are fat soluble vitamins stored?

A

in liver and fatty tissues

44
Q

Water Soluble B vitamins:

“The Robin Never Passes By Pretty Flowering Crabapples”

A
  • thiamine
  • riboflavin
  • Niacin
  • pantothenic
  • biotin
  • pyridoxine
  • folate
  • cobalamine

Nutrition Spring 2021 (4 decks)

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