Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition Spring 2021 > Chapter 9: Water and The Minerals > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Water and The Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of water:

A
  • carries nutrients and waste
  • solvent for minerals, vitamins, AA, etc
  • helps form structures
  • lubricates and cushions joints
  • shock absorber for eyes, spinal cord, fetus
  • temp regulation
  • maintains blood volume
  • participates in metabolic reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Water is __% of your body weight.

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Children with greater muscle mass have more or less water in their body?

A

more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

For 2000 kcal, you need ___ to ___ ml of water. (8-12 cups)

A

2000-3000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 2 things that are diuretic?

A

alcohol and caffeine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Body must excrete ___ ml each day as urine.

A

500

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why must your body excrete urine every day?

A

-to get rid of metabolic waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What other 3 things carry away water?

A

lungs, feces, and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Assessment of hydration:

A
  • skin turgor
  • orthostatic blood pressure
  • urine output
  • moistness of mucous membranes
  • mental status
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

__ and __ regulate minerals.

A
  • GI tract

- kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fluid balances: What are the 3 electrolytes

A

Sodium chloride potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can cause sodium, chloride, or potassium imbalances?

A

vomiting, diarrhea, burns, heavy sweating, and bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

___ minerals are not easily destroyed.

A

inorganic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Principle cation of of extracellular fluid

A

Sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

High blood sodium triggers __-

A

thirst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

this diet emphasizes potassium-rich fruits and vegetables, and fat free or low fat milk products; included whole grains, nuts poultry and fish

A

DASH DIET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sodium deficiency:

A
  • muscle cramping, cardiac changes

- salt tablets not usually needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The __ regulate the amount of sodium in the blood.

A

Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Major anion in extracellular fluid:

A

chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Vomiting causes loss of ___, which may upset acid-base balance

A

chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Primary cation inside cell

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Involved in nerve transmission and muscle contraction

A

potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Good sources of potassium:

A

fruits, vegs, milk, meats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Symptoms of potassium deficiency:

A

weakness, irregular heartbeat, muscle cramps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Potassium injection can stop ___

A

the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Most abundant mineral in body:

A

Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

99% of this is found in bones and teeth

A

Calcium

28
Q

What electrolyte regulates muscle contraction, blood clotting, nerve transmission, and maintains normal BP.

A

Calcium

29
Q

Calcium balance is controlled at 3 sites:

A

bones, kidney, intestines

30
Q

Dietary deficiency does not change __ calcium. It reduces bone calcium.

A

blood

31
Q

About __% is absorbed.

A

30%

32
Q

WHO recommends ___ of calcium per day.

A

400-500mg

33
Q

___ mg/day of calcium for adolescents.

A

1300

34
Q

___ mg/day of calcium for ages 19-50.

A

1000

35
Q

___ mg/day of calcium for later in life.

A

1200

36
Q

Good sources of calcium:

A

sardines, milk, TOFU, cheddar cheese, turnip greens, waffle, BOK CHOY.

37
Q

Bone loss accelerates for __ years after menopause.

A

6-8

38
Q

Elderly may rapidly lose bone. True or False.

A

true

39
Q

2nd most abundant mineral

A

Phosphorus

40
Q

85% of phosphorus is bound with calcium in ___

A

bone

41
Q

___ also functions as a buffer.

A

phosphorus

42
Q

What are good sources of phosphorus:

A

milk and meats

43
Q

Over 50% of this mineral is in bone.

A

Magnesium

44
Q

__ is a catalyst for many enzyme reactions, nerve/muscle function

A

Magnesium

45
Q

Sources of Magnesium:

A

fruits, vegs, whole grains, hard water, legumes, notes, sets, tofu

46
Q

Magnesium deficiency:

A

weakness, dysrhythmias, convulsions

47
Q

__ minerals are needed in very small amounts

A

trace

48
Q

__ minerals are toxic at relatively low levels.

A

Trace

49
Q

___ is found mostly in hemoglobin (RBC) and Myoglobin (muscle)

A

Iron

50
Q

You maintain iron balance via ___

A

absorption

51
Q

Generally __ to __% of iron is absorbed.

A

10-15%

52
Q

RBC’s live for about ___.

A

3 months

53
Q

Caused by excessive blood loss or inadequate intake of iron

A

iron deficiency

54
Q

Signs of iron deficiency?

A

fatigue and low motivation

55
Q

iron overload

A

hemochromatosis

56
Q

Hemochromatosis is seen in ___

A

alcoholics

57
Q

Hemochromatosis symptoms:

A

liver enlargement, joint disease, skin pigmentation, loss of hair, impotence, amenorrhea

58
Q

What gender needs the most iron?

A

Women

59
Q

Good sources of iron:

A

meats, legumes, enriched grains, egg, green vegs, dried fruits

60
Q

This if found most in the bones, eyes, and prostate

A

zinc

61
Q

Functions of zinc:

A
  • in immunity and wound healing
  • growth and development
  • blood clotting
  • thyroid hormone
  • to active vitamin A in visual pigment
  • to make sperm
  • taste perception
62
Q

Zinc deficiency symptoms:

A

-severe growth retardation, diarrhea, poor immune response, altered taste, anorexia

63
Q

Deficiency in iodine causes

A

Goiter

64
Q

This mineral is in soil and water

A

Fluoride

65
Q

__ prevents dental caries and high levels causes fluorosis

A

Fluoride

66
Q

This along with a reduced sodium intake is more effective at lowering blood pressure.

A

DASH diet

Nutrition Spring 2021 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions