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Key Topic 1: The Governance And Administration of the Empire > Strategic: Sudan > Flashcards

Strategic: Sudan Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Mahdist War?

A

1881-99

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2
Q

What happened between 1881-99?

A

Mahdist War

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3
Q

What happened in January 1885 in Khartoum?

A

General Gordon was killed

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4
Q

When was General Gordon killed?

A

January 1885 in Khartoum

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5
Q

Where was General Gordon killed in January 1885?

A

Khartoum

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6
Q

Who succeeded the Mahdi?

A

Khalifa Abdullah

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7
Q

What did Khalifa Abdullah, who succeeded the Mahdi, try to do?

A

Tries to bring the peoples of the Sudan together under his leadership but his state was plagued by war from internal resistance fighters, disease and famine

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8
Q

How did Gladstone view troops in Sudan?

A

Intended to take the British troops out of Egypt as soon as it was safe

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9
Q

Who intended to take the British troops out of Egypt as soon as it was safe?

A

Gladstone

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10
Q

How did Salisbury view the Egypt?

A

Vital to the security of Britains sea-route to India

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11
Q

Who saw Egypt as a vital to the security of Britains sea-route to India?

A

Salisbury

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12
Q

Why did Salisbury want to conquer parts of Sudan?

A

Saw Egypt as a vital to the security of Britains sea-route to India
Worried about other European nations interest in Africa (British and German expansion inland in East Africa as they might try and gain a headwaters of the Nile which were vital for the welfare of Egypt )

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13
Q

Why was there worry concerning British and German expansion inland in East Africa?

A

They might try and gain a headwaters of the Nile which were vital for the welfare of Egypt

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14
Q

Why was the headwater of the Nile vital?

A

It was vital for the welfare of Egypt

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15
Q

What happened in July 1890?

A

Agreement between Britain and Germany (Anglo-Germany Agreement of 1890)

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16
Q

When was the Anglo-Germany Agreement of 1890?

A

July 1980

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17
Q

What happened in the Anglo-Germany Agreement of 1890(July 1890)?

A

Germans took Tanganyika while the British took Kenya and Uganda (protecting Sudan borders)

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18
Q

When had the Germans taken Tanganyika while the British took Kenya and Uganda?

A

Anglo-Germany Agreement of 1890(July 1890)

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19
Q

What were the French persuaded to do?

A

Concentrate on West Africa but they were not appeased

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20
Q

Who was persuaded to focus on West Africa?

A

French

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21
Q

What was the impact of Italy expanding into the Red Sea Coast at Massawa (Eritrea), which is also on the border of Sudan?

A

Beneficial for the British as it diverted attention the Khalifa’s attention away from Egyptian borders

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22
Q

When had Italians expanded on the Red Sea Coast at Massawa?

A

1885

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23
Q

What did the Italians do in 1885?

A

Italian expansion on the Red Sea Coast at Massawa

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24
Q

What took the Khalifa’s attention away from the Egyptian borders?

A

Italy expanding into the Red Sea Coast at Massawa

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25
Q

What happened in March 1896?

A

Italian forces defeated at Adowa

26
Q

When were Italian forces defeated at Adowa?

A

March 1896

27
Q

Where were Italian forces defeated in March 1896?

A

Adowa

28
Q

What were Italian forces trying to do when they were defeated at Adowa in March 1896?

A

Trying to Sieze Abyssinia

29
Q

What was the negative impact of Italian forces being defeated at Adowa in March 1896?

A

The Italians were no longer able to divert attention away from the British

30
Q

How did Salisbury use the Italian forces being defeated at Adowa in March 1896?

A

This gave Salisbury the excuse he needed for a British campaign in the Sudan

31
Q

What gave Salisbury the excuse to have a campaign in Sudan?

A

Italian forces being defeated at Adowa in March 1896

32
Q

Who used the Italian forces being defeated at Adowa in March 1896 as an excuse for a campaign in Sudan?

A

Salisbury

33
Q

How did Salisbury use the Italian forces being defeated at Adowa in March 1896 as an excuse for a campaign in Sudan?

A

Sold as a public campaign to aid Italy and uphold European civilisation against African barbarianism. This campaign was welcomed as an opportunity to avenge the death of General Gordon.

34
Q

Who became Commander-in-chief of the Egyptian army in 1896?

A

General Sir Herbert Kitchener

35
Q

When did General Sir Herbert Kitchener become Commander-in-chief of the Egyptian army?

A

1896

36
Q

What did General Sir Herbert Kitchener become in 1896?

A

Commander-in-chief of the Egyptian army

37
Q

What was General Sir Herbert Kitchener told to do by Salisbury in March 1896?

A

Penetrate Sudanese territory as far as Dongola

38
Q

Who was told to penetrate Sudanese territory as far as Dongola by Salisbury in March 1896?

A

General Sir Herbert Kitchener

39
Q

Where did General Sir Herbert Kitchener want to conquer, when told by Salisbury to invade territory as far as Dongola in March 1896?

A

Go further and take Khartoum. Conquer the whole region

40
Q

What happened in September 1898?

A

Kitchener won the battle of Omdurman

41
Q

When had Kitchener won the battle of Omdurman?

A

September 1898

42
Q

How did Kitchener win the battle of Omdurman in September 1898?

A

Recruited additional volunteers who were inspired by imperialist feeling

43
Q

After the battle of Omdurman (September 1898), what did Salisbury tell Kitchener to do?

A

Sent him sealed orders to go to Fashoda on the headwater of the Nile-where the French expedition under Major Marchand had arrived. Kitchener and Marchand had both pressed their nations claims to the land (accusing the other of trespassing) but the meeting was not particularly fiery

44
Q

Where did Salisbury send Kitchener to press British claims against the French claims in 1898?

A

Fashoda on the headwater of the Nile

45
Q

Why did Salisbury send Kitchener to Fashoda on the headwater of the Nile in 1898?

A

Put claim on the area where the French expedition under Major Marchand had arrived (they wanted to exclude Britain from Sudan)

46
Q

What were talks like in the Fashoda incident?

A

Not particularly fiery

47
Q

How did the British press react to the ‘Fashoda incident’?

A

Reacted strongly, suggesting that they were on the brink of war

48
Q

What was happening to France during the ‘Fashoda incident’?

A

Internal problems

49
Q

Why did France back out of the ‘Fashoda incident’?

A

Internal problems

Aware of British navy presence in Sudan

50
Q

What was the impact of France having internal problems and being aware of British navy presence in Sudan?

A

Therefore they backed down in the Fashoda incident

51
Q

What was the actual reason for the campaign in Sudan in 1896?

A

France and Russia had an alliance with King Menelek of Abyssinia (as they offered him military advice and assistance in 1896). The king seemed to enter into an alliance with Sudan and therefore there was the threat of Russian and French intrusion in East Africa.

52
Q

At the battle of Omdurman (September 1898), how many died in the Anglo- Egyptian army?

A

48

53
Q

In what battle did the Anglo-Egyptian army loose 48 men?

A

Battle of Omdurman (September 1898)

54
Q

How many Mahdist died in the battle of Omdurman (September 1898)?

A

11,000

55
Q

What did Kithener do when he found out about the death of Gordon in January 1885?

A

Publicly wept

56
Q

Who publicly wept when they found out about the death of General Gordon in January 1885?

A

Kitchener

57
Q

What did Kitchener do to the Mahdis tomb?

A

Ordered for it to be violated

58
Q

Who ordered for the Mahdis tomb to be destroyed?

A

Kitchener

59
Q

What did Kitchener want to use the dead leaders skulls for?

A

Inkstand

60
Q

What was Marchand told to do at Fashoda?

A

Build a dam that would divert water, thus holding Britain at ransom due to the diversion of their water supply

Key Topic 1: The Governance And Administration of the Empire (38 decks)

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