Chapter 10: Lipids

Question 1

Lipids

Answer 1

Structurally diverse class. Long carbon chain and hydrophobic

Question 2

What are the chemical functions of lipids?

Answer 2

• Membrane structure
• Storage of energy
• Cofactors for enzymes:
• Signaling
• Antioxidants

Question 3

What are the physical functions of lipids?

Answer 3

• Insulation from environment
• Water repellent
• Pigments
• Buoyancy control

Question 4

Lipids are classified by the ______ and ______

Answer 4

Structure and function

Question 5

Lipids are characterized on the presence or absence of the ____________

Answer 5

Fatty acid chain

Question 6

Name some lipids that do not contain fatty acids

Answer 6

Cholesterol, terpenes, etc

Question 7

What is the advantage of lipids containing fatty acids?

Answer 7

Lipids containing fatty acids can further separate into storage lipids and membrane lipids

Question 8

__________ is a storage lipid

Answer 8

Triacylglycerols

Question 9

Name the types of membrane lipids

Answer 9

Phospholipids, Glycolipids, and Archaeal ether lipids.

Question 10

Define saturated

Answer 10

No double bond between carbons in the chain

Question 11

Define monosaturated

Answer 11

One double bond between carbons in the alkyl chain

Question 12

Define polysaturated

Answer 12

More than one double bond in the alkyl chain

Question 13

Solubility _____ as the chain length increases

Answer 13

decreases

Question 14

Melting point increases as the chain length ______

Answer 14

increases

Question 15

Melting point _______ as the number of double bonds increases

Answer 15

decreases

Question 16

Explain unsaturated cis fatty acids

Answer 16

The double bonds in natural unsaturated fatty acids are commonly in cis configuration, which kinks the chain, less packing. Unsaturated cis fatty acids have a lower melting point

Question 17

What is Omega-3?

Answer 17

Obtained from diet (fish)

Question 18

What is Omega-6?

Answer 18

Associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. It is also needed but not too much.

Question 19

What is the recommended Omega-3: Omega-6 ratio?

Answer 19

1:4 or 4:1

Question 20

Explain trans double bond

Answer 20

Allows a given fatty acid to adopt an extended conformation. Higher risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 21

What are the 8 major categories of biological lipids?

Answer 21

1. Fatty acids
2. Glycerolipids
3. Glycerophospholipids
4. Sphingolipids
5. Sterol lipids
6. Preno lipids
7. Sacccharolipids
8. Polyketides

Question 22

Explane Tricerglycerol

Answer 22

Main storage lipid and is nonpolar. It is less soluble in water than fatty acids due to the lack of charged charged carboxylate group. and the liquids are called oils

Question 23

What is solid triglycerol called?

Answer 23

Solid ones are called fats. Fats provide Efficient fuel storage. Fats are stored in adipocytes. Long term energy needs

Question 24

What are the two types of adipocytes?

Answer 24

White fat cell doesn’t have many mitochondria. Brown fat cells have a lot of mitochondria

Question 25

Explain Mitochondria and UCP1

Answer 25

Mitochondria uses UCP1 as a transport. UCP1 does not use energy, but instead uses a proton to make heat, maintaining body temperature

Question 26

In other storage organisms, what is another storage lipid?

Answer 26

Waxes

Question 27

Are structural lipids in the membrane polar or nonpolar?

Answer 27

Non polar

Question 28

What is the primary constituent of cell membrane?

Answer 28

Glycerophospholipids. Cannot be synthesized by most prokaryotes

Question 29

The backbone of Sphingolipids is a long chain amino alcohol called _________

Answer 29

Sphingosine

Question 30

If breaking down enzymes are deficient, it could lead to ________

Answer 30

disease