Deck 3

Question 1

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 1

Strengthens the likelihood of a desired behavior by removing the unpleasant stimuli.

Question 2

Punishment

Answer 2

Punishment is designed to extinguish or stop an undesirable behavior.

Question 3

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 3

Positive reinforcement strengthens the likelihood of a desired behavior by giving a reward for desired behavior.

Question 4

Classical Conditioning

Answer 4

Ivan Pavlov; often called learning by association. The process of pairing new stimuli to known responses. It does not allow for the learning of new behavior, but new pairings.

Question 5

Operant Conditioning

Answer 5

BF Skinner, often called instrumental learning. The process of shaping behavior through reinforcement. Reinforcement can be positive or negative.

Question 6

Stimulus generalization

Answer 6

Generalizing a specific experience to a more broad category of stimuli (You are scratched by your neighbor’s car and now you avoid all cats.)

Question 7

introjection

Answer 7

A freudian defense mechanism. Defined as taking in a accepting as you own the values and standards of other. (adolescents often introject the values of their parents or their role models)

Question 8

Projection

Answer 8

A freudian defense mechanism. Defined as placing the unacceptable impulses you have within yourself on to someone else. (we are hypercritical of the things in others that we dislike about ourselves)

Question 9

Compensation

Answer 9

A freudian defense mechanism. Masking perceived weaknesses by developing traits that “make up” for limitations. (being successful at work while your marriage is failing)

Question 10

Displacement

Answer 10

Freudian defense mechanism. Directing energy at one target when the original target is inaccessible or too risky

Question 11

Denial

Answer 11

Freudian defense mechanism. Arguing against an anxiety provoking stimuli by stating that it doesn’t exist. Operates at a preconscious/conscious level, and is the simplest of the defense mechanisms.

Question 12

Sublimination

Answer 12

Freudian defense mechanism. Defined as diverting sexual or aggressive energy into healthy, socially acceptable channels. (channeling anger into weightlifting)

Question 13

Repression

Answer 13

Freudian defense mechanism. Involuntary removal of something threatening or painful from the conscious (pulling into the unconscious). (not being able to remember childhood abuse)

Question 14

Regression

Answer 14

Freudian defense mechanism. Returning to a previous stage of development where there are fewer demands.

Question 15

Psychosexual stages of development

Answer 15

Freud’s personality theory with five stages: Oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital. Freud posited that erogenous zones were present in all stages with the exception of the latency stage.

Question 16

trust vs mistrust

Answer 16

Erikson’s first stage of psychosocial development. Ages birth through year 1. If successfully resolves, child develops a sense of hope.

Question 17

Autonomy vs shame/doubt

Answer 17

Erickson’s second stage of psychosocial development. Ages 1-3. If successfully resolved, the child develops a sense of will.

Question 18

Initiative Vs guilt

Answer 18

Erickson’s 3rd stage. ages 6-12. If successfully resolves, child develops a sense of purpose.

Question 19

Industry Vs Inferiority

Answer 19

Erickson’s 4th stage. Ages 6-12. If successful, child develops sense of competency.

Question 20

Identity vs role confusion

Answer 20

Erickson’s fifth stage. ages 13-18. If successful, adolescent develops a sense of fidelity.

Question 21

Intimacy vs isolation

Answer 21

Erickson’s 6th stage. ages 19-30. If successful, young adult develops a sense of love

Question 22

Generativity vs stagnation

Answer 22

Erickson’s 7th stage. age 30-60. If successful, the adult develops a sense of care.

Question 23

Ego integrity vs despair

Answer 23

Erickson’s 8th stage. age 65 to end of life. If successful, the adult develops a sense of wisdom.