Chapter 24

Question 0

A person is in a state of fluid balance when daily gains and losses are equal

The gains come from two sources one is metabolic water which is ___________ Per day?

The other is performed water including ingested food Which is ________ per day and drink Which is _________ Per day?

Answer 0

Metabolic water 200 mL per day
Food 700 mL per day
Drink 1600 mL per day

Question 1

Body water is distributed among certain fluid compartments. The 5 major fluid compartments are?

Answer 1

65% Intracellular fluid ICF and
35% Extracellular fluid Subdivided into
     25% tissue (Interstitial) fluid
     8% blood plasma and Lymph
     2% transcellular fluid (CSF, synovial, serous, humors, etc.)

Question 2

The routes of water loss per day are:

Urine?
Cutaneous transpiration?
Breath?
Feces?
Sweat?

Answer 2

Urine 1500 mL per day
Cutaneous transpiration 400 mL per day
Breath 300 mL per day
Feces 200 mL per day
Sweat 100 mL per day

Question 3

Regulation of output –The only way to control water output significantly is through variations in Urine volume

The kidneys only support existing _________ _________ And _________ The rate of water loss.

Answer 3

Fluid levels

Slow

Question 4

What are changes in urine volume linked to?

Answer 4

They are linked to an adjustment in sodium reabsorption

Question 5

What stimulates the collecting ducts to synthesize Aquaporins which allow the kidneys to reabsorb more water and produce less urine?

Answer 5

ADH

Question 6

What is it called when proportionate amounts of water and sodium are lost without replacement?

Answer 6

Volume depletion (hypovolemia)

Question 7

This occurs when the body eliminates significantly more water than sodium, so the ECF osmolarity rises?

Answer 7

Dehydration

Question 8

What is it called when both sodium and water are retained?

Answer 8

Volume excess

Question 9

What is it called when more water than sodium is retained or ingested?

Answer 9

Hypotonic hydration

Question 10

These are charged particles that are chemically reactive, Participate in metabolism, determine electrical potential across cell membranes and affect the osmolarity of the body fluids, etc.?

Answer 10

Electrolytes

Question 11

Salts or individual ions are?

Answer 11

Electrolytes

Question 12

The major cations are?

Answer 12

Sodium, potassium, calcium, hydrogen

Question 13

The anions are?

Answer 13

Chloride, bicarbonate ion, phosphate

Question 14

What is the principle cation in the ECF?

Answer 14

Sodium

Question 15

What is the solute that determines total body water and distribution of water?

Answer 15

Sodium

Question 16

Sodium produces resting membrane potential and _________ __________ For nerves and muscles, used in cotransport, and buffers pH of _______.

Answer 16

Action potential

ECF

Question 17

When you maintain correct amount of sodium in blood with hormones this is called?

Answer 17

Homeostasis

Question 18

Hyponatremia stimulates _________ _____________ Which stimulate synthesis of _________ Pumps in the kidneys?

Answer 18

Aldosterone secretion

Na+-K+

Question 19

ADH changes sodium concentration by?

Answer 19

Stimulating more water reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 20

_____ And______ Inhibit sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Answer 20

ANP

BNP

Question 21

Can be caused from the administration of IV saline?

Answer 21

Hypernatremia

Question 22

Can be caused from excess water intake?

Answer 22

Hyponatremia