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WSET Level 4 Wine Diploma > D3 Central Italy > Flashcards

D3 Central Italy Flashcards

1
Q

Central Italy Sub-Regions?

A 
Tuscany - Chianti, VNdM, BdM & Bolgheri
Lazio - Frascati
Marche - Verdicchio
Abruzzo - Montepulciano
Umbria - Orvieto & Sagrantino di Montefalco
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2
Q

Tuscany Climate & Features?

A

Warm Mediterranean Climate

Moderate altitude inland

Moderate rainfall, including in growing period

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3
Q

Tuscany Vineyard Risks?

A 
Spring Frost
Hail
Rain during harvest
Summer drought
Esca
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4
Q

Tuscany Grapes?

A

Sangiovese
Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Canaiolo Nero

Trebbiano Toscano

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5
Q

Sangiovese?

A

High acid

High tannin

Medium to full body

Red fruit and herbs

Early budding, late ripening

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6
Q

Canaiolo Nero?

A

Light tannin

Red berry fruit and floral

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7
Q

Sangiovese Maceration Times?

A

Early Drinking: 7-10 days

Ageworthy: 15-25 days

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8
Q

Oak Maturation in Chianti?

A

In top-end, perhaps a little, but emphasis remains on the fruit

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9
Q

Chianti DOCG?

A

Low elevation hills (300m and lower)

70-100% Sangiovese, though CS/CF may not exceed 15%

10% white grapes permitted but rarely used

Minimum ABV 11.5%

Maximum yield 63 hL/ha

Chianti Colli Senesi requires max 10% CS/CF and min 75% Sangiovese

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10
Q

Riserva?

A

Aged minimum 2 years

In certain sub-regions e.g. Chianti Colli Senesi, 6 months of this must be oak

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11
Q

Chianti Classico DOCG?

A

Sangiovese > 80% (typically closer to 90)

Higher elevation 200-500m

Maximum yield 52.5 hL/ha

Must be at least a year old

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12
Q

Chianti Classico Gran Selezione?

A

Grapes must come from single vineyard, or estate owned by producer

Minimum 30 months ageing (no oak requirement)

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13
Q

Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?

A

100% Sangiovese

Minimum 2 years in oak

Riserva wines - minimum 3 years in oak, 6 years in total

Oak is often old, rarely new

Warmer than Chianti

Elevations more variable

Less matured wines may be released as Rosso di Montalcino

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14
Q

Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG?

A

250-600m elevation

Historically wines designed for long ageing, increasingly more youthful wines being made

70-100% Sangiovese

Maximum yield 56 hL/ha

2 years minimum, 12-24 months in wood

Riserva wines 3 years minimum, 12-24 months in wood

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15
Q

Bolgheri DOC?

A

Mediterranean sea providing cooling influence at all elevations

Irrigation permitted, and newer vineyards avail themselves of this frequently

Rain well spread out over the year, though lighter during harvest

Up to 100% CS/CF/ME
Up to 50% Syrah or Sangiovese
Up to 30% other varieties e.g. Petit Verdot

Maximum yield 56 hL/ha for Bolgheri Rosso Superiore (63 for Rosso)

Minimum 1 year maturation for Rosso, 2 for Rosso Superiore, typically in new French oak

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16
Q

Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC

A

Cabernet Sauvignon > 80%

Minimum maturation 24 months, of which 18 in 225L oak barrels

17
Q

Tuscan IGP?

A

Toscana IGT

18
Q

Vin Santo?

A

Tuscan Sweet wine, typically from Trebbiano Toscano & Malvasia

19
Q

Marche Climate & Features?

A

Mostly produces Red wines from Montepulciano and Sangiovese

Warm Mediterranean Climate

Little rainfall in summer

20
Q

Marche Grapes?

A

Sangiovese
Montepulciano

Verdicchio
Biancame
Trebbiano Toscano
Passerina

21
Q

Verdicchio?

A

First 4 buds are sterile, so needs lots of space and hence less densely planted

Late ripening - exposes it to risk of disease and rot in wet harvests

High acidity

Pale Lemon

Medium(-) intensity

Blossom, apple, fennel, almond

Medium body

Never sees oak, but may see long ageing with lees contact in best examples

22
Q

Pecorino?

A

High alcohol

High acidity

Medium body

Apple, pear, herbal

Generally fresh, but best examples can see oak

23
Q

Montepulciano?

A

Resistant to botrytis and downy mildew, but susceptible to powdery mildew

Ripens unevenly, either lowering quality or requiring careful selection

Prone to reduction

Red fruit when young, progressing to black fruit

Medium to medium(+) tannins

Medium acid, hence often blended with Sangiovese

24
Q

Rosso Piceno DOC?

A

Montepulciano blended with Sangiovese

25
Q

Umbria Climate & Features?

A

Landlocked and hilly

Warm (mildly) Continental Climate

Moderate rainfall in Autumn/Winter

26
Q

Umbria Grapes

A

Sangiovese
Merlot
Sagrantino
Cabernet Sauvignon

Trebbiano Toscano
Grechetto di Orvieto

27
Q

Umbria Sub-Regions?

A

Orvieto DOC

Sagrantino di Montefalco DOCG

28
Q

Grechetto di Orvieto?

A

Thin-skinned, but resistant to fungal disease so can late harvest

High acidity

Light to Medium intensity

Medium body

Lemon and white flowers

29
Q

Sagrantino?

A

Not overly vigorous

Very high tannins

Medium(+) intensity

Black and red fruit

High acidity

High tannins

30
Q

Rosso di Montefalco DOC?

A

Sangiovese 60-70%
Sagrantino 10-15%
Minimum maturation 18 months

31
Q

Sagrantino di Montefalco DOCG?

A

100% Sagrantino
33 months minimum maturation, of which minimum 12 in wood
Can take new oak

32
Q

Lazio Climate & Features?

A

Warm Mediterranean Climate

Cooled by some elevation, and proximity to the sea

33
Q

Lazio Grapes?

A

Trebbiano
Malvasia - medium alcohol, light body, med(+) acidity

Merlot
Sangiovese
Cesanese

34
Q

Lazio Vineyard Risks?

A

Spring Frost

Hail

Excessive heat in Summer

Harvest rain

35
Q

Cesanese?

A

Semi-aromatic black variety

Very late ripening

High yielding, but with high quality potential

Vulnerable to harvest rain

Red cherry and rose

Medium tannins

Medium acidity

High alcohol

36
Q

Abruzzo Climate & Features?

A

Hillsides of Apennines - Warm Continental Climate

Coastal - Warm Mediterranean Climate, soils more fertile

37
Q

Abruzzo Grapes?

A

Montepulciano

Trebbiano (Toscano and Abruzzese)

38
Q

Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOC?

A

Must be grown on hilly sites

Maximum yield 98 hL/ha, sub-zones at 66 hL/ha

WSET Level 4 Wine Diploma (21 decks)

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