Chapter 14

Question 1

date telegraph invented

Answer 1

1844

Question 2

date steam-powered locomotive invented

Answer 2

1829

Question 3

Harriet Tubman

Answer 3

escaped from slavery; returned to South many times to help others escape to freedom

Question 4

how industrialization changed work

Answer 4

workers’ tasks changed b/c of specialization

Question 5

plantation owners

Answer 5

own lots of land & many enslaved workers = wealthy

Question 6

immigrants & culture

Answer 6

brought language, customs, traditions, foods, religions to U.S.

Question 7

literacy

Answer 7

ability to read & write

Question 8

trade union

Answer 8

group of workers w/same skill

Question 9

capital

Answer 9

money to invest

Question 10

credit

Answer 10

purchase goods with loaned money

Question 11

discrimination

Answer 11

unfair treatment of a specific group

Question 12

average work day

Answer 12

11.4 hours/day

Question 13

spirituals

Answer 13

African Americans expressed beliefs in religious folk songs

Question 14

Great Train Wreck of 1856

Answer 14

head-on collision in Pennsylvania

Question 15

nativists

Answer 15

people opposed to immigration

Question 16

cotton gin led to…

Answer 16

more cotton grown; need more enslaved workers; domestic slave trade increases

Question 17

literacy in South

Answer 17

fewer people per square mile; people couldn’t send kids long distances to school; thought education was a private matter; reserved for wealthy in many cases

Question 18

working conditions in factories

Answer 18

long hours + dangerous moving parts + no protective shields = on-the-job accidents/injuries

Question 19

ESSAY: In the South, what was the relationship between increased cotton production and the increased number of enslaved African Americans?

Answer 19

• Southern economy depends on slave labor
• invention of cotton gin in 1793 (could harvest 50x faster)
• increased demand for cotton in Britain
• planters want to grow more cotton
• need more enslaved workers to plant/harvest
• domestic slave trade increases b/c no more importation of slaves after 1808