6.11. Skin and Soft Tissue Infection - Surgical Site Infection Flashcards

1
Q

How many Classes of Surgical Wounds are there?

A

4

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2
Q

What does Class 1 Surgical Wounds involve?

A

Clean Wound:

This means the Respiratory, Alimentary, Genital or Urinary System have not been entered

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3
Q

What does Class 2 Surgical Wounds involve?

A

Clean-Contaminated Wound:
This means the Respiratory, Alimentary, Genital or Urinary System have been entered but there is no unusual contamination

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4
Q

What does Class 3 Surgical Wounds involve?

A

Contaminated Wound:

This means there is open, fresh accidental wounds (or gross spillage) from the Gastrointestinal Tract

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5
Q

What does Class 4 Surgical Wounds involve?

A

Infected Wound:

This means there is existing clinical infection (infection present before the operation)

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6
Q

What are the main causes of Surgical Site Infections?

A
  1. Staphylococcus Aureus (MSSA and MRSA)
  2. Coagulase Negative Staphylococci
  3. Enterococcus
  4. Escherichia Coli
  5. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
  6. Enterobacter
  7. Streptococci
  8. Fungi
  9. Anaerobes
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7
Q

What are the patient risk factors for a Surgical Site Infection?

A
  1. Diabetes Mellitus
  2. Smoking
  3. Obesity
  4. Malnutrition
  5. Concurrent Steroid Use
  6. Colonisation with Staphylococcus Aureus
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8
Q

What are the procedural risk factors for a Surgical Site Infection?

A
  1. Shaving of the site the night prior to the procedure
  2. Improper pre-operative skin preparation
  3. Improper antimicrobial prophylaxis
  4. Break in the Sterile Technique
  5. Inadequate Theatre Ventilation
  6. Peri-operative Hypoxia
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9
Q

How is a Surgical Site Infection diagnosed?

A
  1. Sending pus/infected tissue for cultures
  2. Avoid Superficial Swabs (aim for deep structures)
  3. Consider unlikely pathogen as a cause if obtained from a sterile site
  4. Antibiotics to target the likely organisms
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