Anaemia: Histology

Question 1

three broad types of blood cells

Answer 1

1. red blood cells
2. white blood cells
3. platelets

Question 2

what is the production of blood cells called?

Answer 2

haematopoiesis

Question 3

what are blood cells derived from?

Answer 3

pluripotent stem cells

Question 4

sites of haematopoiesis in the embryo

Answer 4

yolk sac > liver > marrow > 3rd-7th month spleen

Question 5

sites of haematopoiesis at birth

Answer 5

bone marrow, then liver and spleen when needed

Question 6

sites of haematopoiesis in adults

Answer 6

axial skeleton bone marrow (skull, vertebra, ribs, sternum, pelvis, proximal femur)

Question 7

neutrophil development pathway

Answer 7

myeloblast
promyelocyte
myelocyte
metamyelocyte
neutrophil

nucleus gets smaller and darker as cycle continues

Question 8

erythropoiesis cells in cycle

Answer 8

pronormoblast
basophilic/ early normoblast
polychromatophilic/ intermediate normoblast
orthrochromatic/late normoblast
reticulocyte
erythrocyte

cell size reduces throughout this cycle

Question 9

platelet development

Answer 9

buds from cytoplasm of megakaryocytes

Question 10

what are the three types of granulocytes?

Answer 10

1. eosinophils
2. basophils
3. neutrophils

Question 11

what do eosinophils look like?

Answer 11

pink/orange stain

bilobed nucleus

Question 12

function of eosinophils

Answer 12

fight parasites

hypersensitivity reactions

Question 13

what do basophils look like?

Answer 13

large purple/ blue granules that obscure the nucleus

infrequent

Question 14

role of basophils

Answer 14

unknown

circulatory version of mast cells so hypersensitivity, GcReceptor binds IgE and granules contain histamine

Question 15

what do neutrophils look like?

Answer 15

polymorph nucleus with neutral staining

Question 16

role of neutrophils

Answer 16

short life in circulation as they transit to tissues
phagocytose invaders
kill with granule contents and die in the process
attract other cells
increased in body stress (infection, trauma, infarction)

Question 17

what do monocytes look like?

Answer 17

large single nucleus

Question 18

function of monocytes

Answer 18

circulate for a week then enter tissues to become macrophages
phagocytose invaders
kill 
present antigens to lymphocytes
attract other cells

Question 19

which lives long- neutrophils or monocytes/macrophages?

Answer 19

monocytes/ macrophages

Question 20

what do lymphocytes look like?

Answer 20

large blue cytoplasm

Question 21

function of lymphocytes

Answer 21

numerous

cognate response to infection

Question 22

types of lymphocytes

Answer 22

B
T
NK