Session 1: Introduction to module, levels of care

Question 1

Into which 4 categories are the causes of death divided?

Answer 1

1. Communicable disease, maternal, perinatal, and nutrition disorders.
2. HIV-related conditions and TB.
3. Non-communicable diseases.
4. Injuries.

Question 2

Give 3 examples of communicable(infectious) diseases.

Answer 2

1. HIV
2. Hepatitis B
3. Measles

Question 3

Give 3 examples of non-communicable diseases.

Answer 3

1. Strokes
2. Diabetes mellitus
3. Cancer

Question 4

Name the top 10 leading death causes in SA from the highest cause to the lowest one.

Answer 4

1. HIV/AIDS
2. Tuberculosis
3. Lower respiratory infections
4. Cerebrovascular disease(strokes)
5. . Ischemic heart disease (heart attacks)
6. Diarrheal diseases
7. Diabetes mellitus
8. Interpersonal violence
9. Road injuries
10. Accidental gunshots

Question 5

What causes TB?

Answer 5

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 6

What are the 4 factors that influence the rate of spread of TB?

Answer 6

• time of exposure
• how closely exposed
• number of TB bacilli in the air
• susceptibility of person

Question 7

What do you call a TB that’s under control?

Answer 7

Latent TB

Question 8

What do you call a severe TB?

Answer 8

Clinical active TB

Question 9

List 3 symptoms of TB?

Answer 9

• Chronic cough
• Night sweats
• Weight loss

Question 10

True/False: TB can affect other organs besides the lungs.

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

List 4 ways in which TB outside the lungs can be detected.

Answer 11

• Biopsies
• CT scans
• Chest X-rays
• Sonars

Question 12

Name the 3 smaller clinics at Primary Health Care.

Answer 12

1. Batho
2. Bainsvlei
3. Langenhoven

Question 13

What is the name of the bigger clinic at PHC?

Answer 13

MUCPP

Question 14

What is the name of the hospital at PHC?

Answer 14

National Hospital

Question 15

What is secondary health care?

Answer 15

HC by specialists.

Question 16

What is the name of of the SHC hospital?

Answer 16

Pelenomi Hospital

* Pelenomi policlinic is PHC + Pelenomi also offers THC

Question 17

What is tertiary health care?

Answer 17

HC by super specialists.

Question 18

What is the name of the THC hospital?

Answer 18

Universitas Hospital.

*some of the super specialists are placed in National Hospital and Pelenomi Hospital.

Question 19

Give 2 reasons why a patient would be referred UP?

Answer 19

• The HC workers don’t have the expertise

* Requires treatment that is not on the primary level.

Question 20

Give 3 reasons why a patient is referred DOWN?

Answer 20

1. Sec. and tertiary HC is expensive
2. Expertise are no longer needed
3. Dying patients for palliative care

Question 21

What are the 5 determinants of a successful interaction between HC workers?

Answer 21

1. Functioning in a team while still in training.
2. Proper code of conduct.
3. Fostering inter-cultural relationships.
4. Understanding the impact of social factors.
5. Establishment of mutual trust in relationships.

Question 22

What 5 objectives should you achieve after completing CBE?

Answer 22

1. Participate, negotiate, debate, etc.
2. Willingness to learn from others
3. Accept patient’s worth and dignity
4. Unconditional positive regard
5. Demonstrate accountability

Question 23

In what 3 ways can these 5 objectives be achieved?

Answer 23

1. Early clinical exposure
2. Practicing theoretical knowledge
3. Indicating the relevance of PHC in practice.

Question 24

What are the 6 objectives of questionnaires?

Answer 24

1. Effective communication
2. Attentive listening
3. Learning from others
4. Information gathering
5. Interviewing skills
6. Negotiating skills