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IWS Unit 1 > Soils > Flashcards

Soils Flashcards

1
Q

Liguria soils in general

A

Poor and stony

2 types

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2
Q

Ponente (Western Riviera)

A

Liguria

Reddish calcareous marl-based soils

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3
Q

Levante (Eastern Riviera)

A

Liguria

Clay, sand, and limestone mix

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4
Q

Tortonian

A

Western half of Barolo
Calcareous marls that are more fertile and compact
Produced more elegant wines

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5
Q

Serravallian (Helvetian)

A

Sandstone, silty marls and sand, overall are poorer soils in Eastern Barolo
Longer lived and require more ageing.

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6
Q

Magredi

A

Found in Graves DOC - flat expanses with low grass grown on arid beds of gravel and pebbles

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7
Q

Glacial Moraine

A

An accumulation of rocks and sediment carried and deposited by glaciers

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8
Q

Helvetian or Serravallian

A

Soils of sandstone and sand

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9
Q

Igneous

A

Rock from cooled lava

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10
Q

Metamorphic

A

Rocks changed over long periods of time by intense pressure and heat

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11
Q

Orogenesis

A

Formation of mountains

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12
Q

Ponca

A

Fruili name for Flysch of Cormons

Alternating layers of sandstone and calcarious marl

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13
Q

Flysch of Cormons

A

Alternating layers of sandstone and calcarious marl

Fruili name - Ponca

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14
Q

Calanchi

A

Bare, arid clay-based rock from water erosion

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15
Q

Caranto

A

Thin, Calcareous-clay layer under clay-based top soil

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16
Q

Conca di Bolzano

A

Geographical Basin
Alps foothills
Surrounds Bolzano

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17
Q

Dolomite

A

Mineral containing calcium, magnesium

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18
Q

Porphyry

A

Red/Purple Igneous Rock
Embedded feldspar or quartz
A volcanic soil

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19
Q

Sabbie Astiane

A

Sandy soils on banks of Tanaro River

Piemonte

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20
Q

Terre Bianche

A

White soils, compact calcareous marls

Piemonte

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21
Q

Terre Rosse

A

Red soils

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22
Q

Toari

A

Local Veneto word for soils of decomposed basalt

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23
Q

Tortonian

A

Fertile and compact calcareous marls

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24
Q

Soils of Valle d’Aosta

A

Slopes: limestone or schist
Valley: Alluvial with high proportion of gravel

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25
Q

Rossese di Dolceacqua DOC

A

Red calcareous soils

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26
Q

What are the soils of Riviera di Ponente

A

Reddish calcareous marl-based soils

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27
Q

What are the soils of Riviera di Levante

A

Clay, sand and limestone mix

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28
Q

What type of soils are found in Bardolino?

A

Glacial moraines with high gravel

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29
Q

What are the soils of Valpolicella

A

Hills of low/medium elevation - sandy-gravelly-clay
Higher elevations - limestone and marl-based
Hills around Marano are volcanic, decomposed basalt

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30
Q

What is toari?

A

Decomposed basalt around Valpolicella

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31
Q

Soils in Eastern Soave

A

Low volcanic hills of decomposed basalt

Structured wines with almond notes

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32
Q

Soils of Western Soave

A

Steep limestone-based hills

Wines of finesse with delicate aromas

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33
Q

Soils of Gambellara

A

Similar to E Soave

Volcanic basalt dominate

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34
Q

What are the soils of Colli Euganei

A

Originally volcanic
Decomposed volcanic rock (basalt, tuff, rhyolite)
Limestone, Marl
Well drained, mineral rich

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35
Q

Bagnoli

A

gravely alluvial plains

created from Adige & Brenta Rivers

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36
Q

What are the soils of Conegliano Valdobbiadene DOCG?

A

Diverse
Mostly sandstone, marl, clay
with alluvial and glacial moraine

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37
Q

Soils of Piave DOC

A 
An alluvial plain
Created by Piave, Livenza and Tagliamento Rivers
Each run parallel into Adriatic
North - higher plain, Alluvial
South - flatter more sand, clay and loam
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38
Q

What are the soils of Valtellin?

A

Granitic sands
Broken schist
Alluvial material
Shallow and Poor

39
Q

Describe the soils of Franciacorta / Brescia Hills?

A

Glacial Moraine
Amphitheater-gentle slopes
Mineral-rich, Sand, Silt, Gravel, Limestone
Well Drained

40
Q

What are the soils of Oltrepò Pavese?

A

Cool limestone-based hills

41
Q

What are the soils of Garda Lombardo?

A

North - Calcareous clay
South - Glacial Moraine
Both shallow and well drained

42
Q

What soil type characterizes the Carso plateau?

A

Limestone

43
Q

What are the soil types of FVG?

A
  1. Plains (High / L Coastal) - sand, clay, gravel
  2. E Hills - Flysch of Cormons alternating layers sandstone, calcareous marl, well drained, quality
  3. Carso - Limestone Plateau
44
Q

What are the soils in FVG Low Coastal Plain

A

More fertile
Sand, Clay, Gravel
Less well-drained due to high clay

45
Q

What are the soils in FVG High Central Plain

A

Sand, clay, gravel

Extremely permeable high gravel

46
Q

What are the soils in FVG Eastern Hills

A 
Alternating Sandstone, calcareous marl
Poor
Well-drained
Friable (crumbly)
Flysch of Cormons (Ponca)
47
Q

What are the soils of Carso in FVG?

A

Iron rich sand and clay topsoil

Limestone Plateau

48
Q

What are the soils of Friuli Grave DOC?

A 
Sand and Gravel
Excessively well drained
Irrigation is necessary
More gravel in north
Finer soils in south
most sand, silt, clay in south
49
Q

What are the soils of Ramandolo DOCG?

A

Marl

Poor nutrient they can only grow grapes here

50
Q

What is soil difference between Rive Alte and Rive di Giare?

A 
Rive Alte (Right Bank) - red gravel and clay, left fertile
Rive di Giare (Left Bank) - white gravel, limestone, sandy
51
Q

Toari

A

Veneto word for decomposed basalt

52
Q

What are the soils of the Hills in Emilia-Romagna?

A

Shallow soils
Clay, Sandstone and Marl
More challenging soils = quality viticulture

53
Q

What are Po River Plains soils?

A

Alluvial
Deep and Fertile
Clay, Silt and Sand

54
Q

Where are the Northern Apennines?

A

Southern part of Emilia-Romagna

No vines

55
Q

What type of soils are found in Piacenza?

A

Clay & marl with pockets of gravel/peppbles
Steep inclines
Hand worked vines

56
Q

What are the soils of Trentino?

A

Dolomite
Limestone
Granite
Porphyritic

57
Q

What is Dolomite?

A 
Dolomite + Cacite
Contains calcium (21%) and magnesium (11%)
58
Q

What are the soils of Campo Rotaliano (Rotaliano Plain)

A

Large, gravelly, sandy plain protected by mountain ranges

59
Q

What are the soils of Caluso DOCG?

A

Acidic, sandy gravel soils

60
Q

What are the soils of Alba?

A

Padano Sea left alternating layers of clay, calcareous marl, sandstone, sand and chalk that eroded to form the Roero and Naghe hills
Few pebbles or stones which leads to erosion

61
Q

Soils of Langhe Hills?

A

Terre bianche = compact calcareous marls

15m years old

62
Q

Soils of Roero Hills?

A

Formed only 5m years ago

Softer, sandier and rich in marine fossils

63
Q

Describe Soil differences Tortonian and Serravallian in Barolo?

A

Tortonian - covers West Barolo, Calcareous marl, more fertile and compact (Morra and Barolo)
Serravalian sandstone, silt marls, sand poorer, less compact (Monforte, Serralunga and part of Castiglione Falleto)

64
Q

What are the soils of Dogliani DOCG?

A

Sandstone interspersed with marl

65
Q

What are the soils of Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba?

A

Whitish sandstone

66
Q

What are the soils of Dolcetto d’Alba?

A

Layers of calcareous marl, sandstone, sand

67
Q

Soils of Barbera d’Alba DOC

A

Calcareous marls, sandstone and sand

68
Q

What is Rocche?

A

Precipitous rocky cliffs running SW to NE in Roero Hills.
Topographical slash in the landscape.
Separates alluvial soils of western plain from sandier soils in the East-central hills (vines planted here)

69
Q

What are the soil types in Roero Hills?

A

Marine origin composed of sand, sandstone, and marl
High sand content - light, loose, soft and permeable
Poor in organic material but rich in minerals

70
Q

What is Terre Rosse?

A

“Red Lands”
Clay, iron, magnesium
Deep high in clay content
Specific areas of Monferrato

71
Q

What is Sabbie Astiane?

A

“Asti Sands”
High sand content
Poor water retention
Found on both side of Tanaro River in Monferrato

72
Q

What is Terre Bianche?

A 
"White Lands" 
Alternating layers 
Sand, sandstone, whitish calcareous marl
Shallow, rich in marine fossils
High in Calcium Carbonate
Found in S of Asti in Monferrato
73
Q

What are the 3 soil types found in Monferrato?

A
  1. Terre Rosse
  2. Sabbie Astiane
  3. Terre Bianche
74
Q

What are the soils of Barbera d’Asti DOCG?

A

North - Calcareous marl and Sabbie Astiane (Asti Sand)

South - Terre Bianche

75
Q

What are the soils of Asti DOCG & Moscato d’Asti DOCG?

A

Terre Bianche

Moscato Bianco performs well in calcareous clay.

76
Q

Soils of Gavi DOCG

A

Terre Bianche - sand, sandstone and calcareous marl Terre Rosse - iron, clay, magnesium

77
Q

Novara and Vercelli Hills

A 
Moraine
Acidic
Sand, clay, gravel
Red, iron rich clay
Volcanic sub soils with porphyry and granite
78
Q

Gattinara

A

Decomposed soils
Volcanic porphyritic sub-soils
Steep hillsides
Optimal exposure

79
Q

Ghemme

A

Alluvial

Glacial deposits

80
Q

Lessona DOC (Piemonte) p69

A

Mineral rich, acidic soils
Sub-soils marine origin

Porphyritic rocks present

81
Q

Branaterra DOC (Alto Piemonte) p70

A

Volcanic material and marine sand

82
Q

Carema DOC (Alto Piemonte)

A

Glacial deposits topsoils
Metamorphic schist subsoils
Precipitous carved slopes

83
Q

Difference between Langhe and Roero soils?

A

Langhe 15m years compact marls and sandstone terre bianche

Roero 5m years - softer, sandier, rich marine fossils

84
Q

Dogliano DOCG

A

Sandstone with marl

85
Q

Dolcetto d’Alba DOC

A

Calcareous marl, sandstone and sand

86
Q

Barbera d’Alba

A

Calcareous marl, sandstone and sand

87
Q

Roero Hills

A

Sand. Sandstone and marl
Rich in minerals
La Rocche

88
Q

Barbera d’Asti DOCG

A

N-Calcareous marl and Sabbie Asti (sand)

S- Terre Bianche

89
Q

Brachetto d’Acqui DOcG

A

Compact white calcareous marl

Some areas with sand and sandstone

90
Q

Asti DOCG

A

Terre Bianche

Calcareous marl performs well

91
Q

Barbera del Monferrato

A

Calcareous marl, sandstone, sand and clay

92
Q

Gavi DOCG

A

Terre Bianche and Terre Rosse

93
Q

What do soils with higher basalt content produce?

A

More structured wines

94
Q

What do soils with higher limestone content produce?

A

More finesse

IWS Unit 1 (57 decks)

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