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Anatomy 201 > RESPIRATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of the respiratory system?

A

to essentially deliver oxygen to the cells of the body and to remove carbon dioxide

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2
Q

what filters the air that enters the body?

A

the nostrils contain hair that filters the air

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3
Q

what does the mucous membrane line?

A

the mucous membrane lines the nose and the nasal cavities

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4
Q

what does the mucous membrane do?

A

the mucous membrane helps to warm and moisten the air as it passes through

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5
Q

what does the air pass into after leaving the nasal cavities?

A

the pharynx

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6
Q

what does the pharynx extend down to?

A

the pharynx extends down to the larynx and the esophagus

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7
Q

what is the other pathway for air?

A

through the mouth

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8
Q

after the air enters the mouth , where does it pass?

A

the air passes posteriorly into the pharynx

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9
Q

describe the pharynx.

A

the pharynx is a muscular tube

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10
Q

where is the pharynx located?

A

posteriorly behind the mouth and nasal cavities

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11
Q

what does the pharynx join the nasal cavities and mouth to?

A

the esophagus and the larynx below

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12
Q

list the 3 parts of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx[at the top]
oropharynx[just behind the mouth]
laryngopharynx[sits inferiorly]

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13
Q

what is the thyroid cartilage commonly called?

A

Adams Apple

laryngeal prominence

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14
Q

what is the larynx also known as?

A

the voice box

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15
Q

where does the larynx sit?

A

just behind the hyoid bone[below the hyoid]

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16
Q

why is the larynx important?

A

the larynx is important because it produces the voice and allows air into and out of the lungs

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17
Q

what does the larynx consist of?

A

several cartilages - the largest being the thyroid cartilage

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18
Q

what does the larynx connect the laryngopharynx to?

A

the larynx connects the laryngopharynx to the trachea below

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19
Q

describe the trachea.

A

the trachea is a long pipe

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20
Q

what does the trachea connect the larynx to?

A

the lungs

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21
Q

what does the trachea have on it?

A

the trachea has c-shaped cartilaginous rings - help form a structure

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22
Q

what does the trachea consist of posteriorly?

A

the trachea consists of smooth muscle posteriorly

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23
Q

trachea splits into 2. name the parts that it splits into?

A

right & left bronchus [bronchi = plural]

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24
Q

what is the place where the bronchus enters the lung called?

A

hilum

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25
Q

where do the pulmonary veins enter the lung?

A

by the hilum

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26
Q

what does the pulmonary arteries carry?

A

deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated

27
Q

what do the pulmonary veins carry?

A

oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

28
Q

the bronchi divides further once it enters the lungs. what does the primary bronchi divide into?

A

the lobar bronchi - secondary bronchi

29
Q

what does the lobar bronchi divide into?

A

the segmental bronchi - tertiary bronchi

30
Q

the trachea divides into the …

A

primary right and left bronchus

31
Q

the bronchi end up dividing into …

A

bronchioles

32
Q

describe bronchioles

A

bronchioles are smaller and lack cartilage

33
Q

what do the bronchioles form?

A

alveolar ducts

34
Q

the alveolar ducts lead to ..

A

alveolar sacs

35
Q

what do alveolar sacs form?

A

alveoli

36
Q

what is alveoli responsible for?

A

alveoli are responsible for gas exchange , have a huge surface area for diffusion , have a rich blood supply and very thin

37
Q

what does the lobar bronchi do?

A

the lobar bronchi supplies the LOBES lung with air

38
Q

the right lung has ..

A

3 lobes

39
Q

list the 3 lobes of the right lung.

A

superior lobe , middle lobe and an inferior lobe

40
Q

what are the lobes separated by?

A

the lobes are separated by fissures

41
Q

name the fissure that separates the superior and middle lobe.

A

horizontal fissure

42
Q

what does the oblique fissure separate?

A

the middle and inferior lobes at the front.

the superior and inferior lobes at the back

43
Q

list the 2 lobes of the left lung

A

superior and inferior

44
Q

name the fissure the separates the superior and inferior lobe of the left lung

A

oblique fissure

45
Q

how many right and left lobar bronchi are present?/

A

3 right lobar bronchi

2 left lobar bronchi

46
Q

what are the lobes further divided into?

A

bronchopulmonary segments

47
Q

how many bronchopulmonary segments does each lung have?

A

10 bronchopulmonary segments

48
Q

what supplies these bronchopulmonary segments?

A

the segmental bronchi - tertiary bronchi

49
Q

lobar bronchi supply the ..

A

lobes of the lungs

50
Q

what are the lungs surrounded by?

A

a pleural cavity

51
Q

what is the pleura/pleural cavities?

A

the pleura/pleural cavities are a serous membrane that lines the lungs

52
Q

list the 2 pleura/pleural cavities

A

visceral pleural

parietal pleural

53
Q

where does the visceral pleural lie?

A

the visceral pleural lies closely to the lungs and adheres closely to the lung tissue

54
Q

what does the parietal pleural line?

A

the parietal pleural lines the thorax

55
Q

where are the parietal and visceral pleural layers continuous?

A

at the hilum

56
Q

what is situated between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura?

A

the pleural cavity

57
Q

what does the pleural cavity contain?

A

pleural fluid

58
Q

describe the space between visceral and parietal pleura.

A

it is a potential space

59
Q

in normality , the parietal and visceral pleura are in …

A

very close contact

60
Q

what is in between the parietal and visceral pleura?

A

a thin layer of pleural fluid

61
Q

the parietal pleura is the..

A

outer layer

62
Q

CROSS SECTION OF THE LUNGS. where does the visceral pleura lie?

A

the visceral pleura lies very close to the lung and goes into the fissures.

63
Q

CROSS SECTION OF THE LUNGS. where is the visceral pleura continuous with the parietal pleura?

A

at the hilum

Anatomy 201 (12 decks)

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