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dHA 2nd year - Botanical medicine > respiratory - phyanalab > Flashcards

respiratory - phyanalab Flashcards

1
Q

Respiration: Three Major Steps

A

Pulmonary ventilation
External respiration
Internal respiration

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2
Q

Moving air in and out of lungs

A

Pulmonary ventilation

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3
Q

Gas exchange between alveoli and blood

A

External respiration

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4
Q

Gas exchange between blood and cells

A

Internal respiration

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5
Q

upper respiratory system

A

Nose and pharynx

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6
Q

lower respiratory system

A

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs

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7
Q

consists of All airways that carry air to lungs

A

conduction zone

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8
Q

parts included in conduction zone

A

Nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles

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9
Q

Sites within lungs where gas exchange occurs

A

respiratory zone

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10
Q

parts of the respiratory zone

A

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

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11
Q

Warm, humidify, filter/trap dust and microbes

A

nose

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12
Q

Detect olfactory stimuli

A

nose

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13
Q

Modify vocal sounds

A

nose

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14
Q

“Voice box”

A

larynx

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15
Q

Made largely of cartilage

A

larynx

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16
Q

cartilages of the larynx

A

thyroid
cricoid
arytenoids

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17
Q

cartilage of larynx
: V-shaped
“Adam’s apple”: projects more anteriorly in males
Vocal cords “strung” here (and to arytenoids

A

thyroid cartilage

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18
Q

leaf-shaped piece; covers airway

During swallowing, larynx moves up so —— covers opening into trachea

A

epiglottis

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19
Q

cartilage of larynx

inferior most portion

A

cricoid

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20
Q

cartilage of larynx

superior to cricoid

A

Arytenoids

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21
Q

windpipe

A

trachea

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22
Q

Anterior to esophagus and thoracic vertebrae

Extends from end of larynx to primary bronchi

A

trachea

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23
Q

opening in trachea for tube

A

tracheostomy

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24
Q

enter the lungs medially

A

primary bronchiu

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25
Q

Measured by spirometer

A

Lung Volumes

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26
Q

volume of air that can be inhaled beyond tidal volume (TV)

A

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV

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27
Q

volume of air that can be exhaled beyond TV

A

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

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28
Q

Air remaining in lungs after a maximum expiration

A

= residual volume (RV)

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29
Q

TV + IRV

A

Inspiratory capacity

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30
Q

RV + ERV

A

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

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31
Q

IRV + TV + ERV

A

Vital capacity (VC)

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32
Q

VC + RV

A

Total lung capacity (TLC)

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33
Q

branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of disorders associated with the nose, ears, and throat

A

otorhinolarynogology

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34
Q

study of diseases associated with lungs

A

pulmonology

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35
Q

divides nasal cavity into left and right sides

A

nasal septum

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36
Q

separates nasal and oral cavity

A

hard palate

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37
Q

bony ridges that modify the lateral walls of nasal cavity

A

conchae

38
Q

openings within the superior and middle meatus
humidifies and heats inhaled air
serves as a crumple zone during facial accidents

A

PARANASAL SINUSES

39
Q

located within each inferior meatus

carries excess tears into nasal cavity

A

nasolacrimal duct

40
Q

extends from soft palate to epiglottis

common passageway for air, food, drink

A

oropharynx

41
Q

extends from tip of epiglottis to esophagus

both respiratory and digestive pathway

A

laryngopharynx

42
Q

located posterior to choanae and superior to soft palate
receives air from nasal cavity
exchanges small amts of air with auditory tubes

A

nasopharynx

43
Q

allows air passage to lungs for respiration, thermoregulation, protection

A

trachea

44
Q

main passageway of air into the lungs

lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

bronchi

45
Q

right lungs has

A

3 lobes

46
Q

left lung has

A

2 lobes

47
Q

ends of alveolar ducts

chambers connected to 2 or more alveoli

A

alveolar sacs

48
Q

cupshaped outpouching lined by simple squamous epithelium

supported by a thin elastic basement membrane

A

main sites of gas exchange

49
Q

lab proceudre to determine the strength of lungs

A

spirometry

50
Q

phases of respiratory cycle

A

exhalation

inhalation

51
Q

movement of air into and out of respi tract

A

VENTILATION

52
Q

used to measure the volume of air that moves into and out of the lungs

A

spirometer

53
Q

consists of a drum inverted in a tank of water with a tube that extends from the air space in the drum to the mouth of the subject

A

wet spiromete

54
Q

suspended from pulley and counterbalanced by weight

A

drum of spirometer

55
Q

volume of air exhaled into the spirometer is ___ proportional to the rise of the inverted vessel

A

directly

56
Q

spirogram

A

record of pulmonary volumes

57
Q

fast, deep, breathing

A

hyperventilation

58
Q

slow or shallow breathing

A

hypoventilation

59
Q

amount of carbonic acid during hyperventilation

A

increased

60
Q

amount of carbonic acid during hypoventilation

A

decreased

61
Q

buffering ability of blood in hypo/hyperventilation is affected , resulting to

A

acidosis or alkalosis

62
Q

cause of hyperventilation

A

anxiety attacks

63
Q

effect of hyperventilation

A

brief periods of apnea

64
Q

cessation of breathing

A

apnea

65
Q

cessation of breathingcan lead to build up of

A

carbon dioxide in the blood

66
Q

if breathing stops for a time, ___ may occur

A

cyanosis

67
Q

effect of hyperventilation

A

cyanosis
apnea
dizzines
faint

68
Q

effect of hyperventilation to the buffering abilityof blood

A

alkalosis

69
Q

constricts cerebral blood vessels

A

alkalosis

70
Q

smooth muscle movements that cause churning of food

A

segmentation ocntractions

71
Q

enzyme that digests starch

A

amylase

72
Q

enzyme that digests lipids

A

lipase

73
Q

enzyme that digests proteins

A

pepsin

74
Q

test tubes used in experiment

A

loefflers

75
Q

reagents used for the digestion of starch by amylase

A

saliva
0.5% HCl
12 drops buffer

76
Q

how were the test tubes incubated

A

heated in a water bath (37C) for 30 min

77
Q

reagent use for the starch test

A

1 drop lugol’s iodine solution (orange brown)

78
Q

brown or negative (starch test result)

A
  • negative
79
Q

light blue (starch test result)

A

+

80
Q

medium blue (starch test result)

A

++

81
Q

dark blue (starch test result)

A

+++

82
Q

black (starch test result)

A

++++

83
Q

sugar test reagent

A

3 drops of Benedict’s reagent (color: aqua blue)

84
Q

blue (sugar test result)

A

-

85
Q

green (sugar test result)

A

+

86
Q

yellow (sugar test result)

A

++

87
Q

orange (sugar test result)

A

+++

88
Q

red (sugar test result)

A

++++

89
Q

procedure for sugar test

A

add 3 drops benedicts reagent
mix by swirling
put in a beaker with hot water for 3 min

90
Q

proceudre for starch test

A 
label spot plate A - F
get tubes from water bath
mix by swirling
place 2 drops of soltuion
place 1 drop of lugol
observe results

dHA 2nd year - Botanical medicine (57 decks)

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