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dHA 2nd year - Botanical medicine > bone and ossification histo > Flashcards

bone and ossification histo Flashcards

1
Q

makes up the greater portion of the matrix

A

Inorganic elements – calcium, magnesium, and sodium

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2
Q

Ground substance is calcified – becomes hard and brittle

A

bone

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3
Q

organic elements of bone

A

(collagen, protein polysaccharide and chondroitin sulfate)

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4
Q

functions of bone

A

Internal support of the body
Attachment of muscles and tendons for locomotion
Contains the bone marrows – blood forming elements
Protects vital organs of the cranial and thoracic cavities
For storage of calcium in the body

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5
Q

types of bone based on the organization of its type I collagen fibers

A

lamellar

woven

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6
Q

type of bone
collagen fibers are arranged in an irregular feltwork
fabricated during periods of rapid bone growth

A

woven

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7
Q

type of bone
hypercellular, with large osteocytes and lacunae, distributed in a haphazard fashion, long axes follow the direction of the neighboring collagen fibers

A

woven

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8
Q

type of bone

higher mineral content than that of lamellar bone; deposited outside of collagen fibers

A

woven

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9
Q

type of bone

resist forces equally in all directions; weaker, less rigid, more flexible than lamellar bone (greenstick fracture)

A

woven

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10
Q

type of bone

collagen fibers are deposited in parallel arrays

A

lamellar

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11
Q

type of bone
synthesized more slowly, less cellular, smaller osteocytes and lacunae, distributed in a more organized fashion along the more regular collagen lamellae

A

lamellar

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12
Q

type of bone

process of mineralization occurs more slowly and continues long after the organic matrix is initially deposited

A

lamellar

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13
Q

type of bone

has greater rigidity and tensile strength, less elasticity than woven bone.

A

lamellar

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14
Q

FORMS OF LAMELLAR BONES

A

Cancellous or Spongy bone (substancia spongiosa)

Compact bone (substancia compacta)

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15
Q

LONG BONE

– thick walled hollow cylinder w/ a central medullary cavity containing the bone marrow

A

Shaft

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16
Q

LONG BONE

ends of long bones made up of spongy bone covered by a thin cortex of compact bone

A

Epiphysis –

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17
Q

LONG BONE

– separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis

A

Epiphyseal plate

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18
Q

LONG BONE

a transitional region connecting the epiphyseal plate to the diaphysis

A

Metaphysis

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19
Q

long bone

a layer of specialized CT w/ osteogenic potential

A

Periosteum

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20
Q

long bone

a thin cellular layer w/ osteogenic properties covering the marrow cavity

A

Endosteum

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21
Q

Found in the flat bones of the face and skull

Layer of spongy bone between 2 layers of compact bone forming an outer and inner table

A

diploe

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22
Q

bone cells

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

  1. Osteoblasts
  2. Osteocytes
  3. Osteoclasts
23
Q

type of bone cells
Undifferentiated cells

On free bony surfaces,
endosteum, periosteum,
lining of the Haversian
canal, epiphyseal plate

With pale staining
nucleus and faintly
basophilic cytoplasm

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

24
Q

type of osteoprogenitor cells

Divide – (bone - forming cells)

A

osteoblasts

25
Q

type of osteoprogenitor cells

Unite – (bone - destroying cells)

A

osteoclasts

26
Q

Bone forming cells responsible for the development of the bony matrix

Location: surfaces of developing bones

Arranged in an epitheloid layer of cuboidal cells

A

osteoblasts

27
Q

Cells of fully formed bones in the lacunae of calcified matrix

An osteoblast is surrounded by bone matrix in its development

Flattened cell body inside the lacunae

A

osteocytes

28
Q

Giant multinucleated cells closely associated with areas of resorption

Found in shallow concavities of the bone surface called Lacuna of Howship

A

osteoclasts

29
Q

osteoclasts are found in shallow concavities of the bone surface called

A

Lacuna of Howship

30
Q

Active in bone resorption

Ruffled border – radial striations found close to the bone

A

osteoclasts

31
Q

Irregular branching bony spicules forming a network of interconnecting spaces containing bone marrow

With thin trabeculae made up of irregular lamellae of bone with lacunae containing osteocytes

A

spongy bone

32
Q

Absence of haversian system

Trabeculae lined by endosteum containing osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts & osteoclasts

A

spongy bone

33
Q

Parallel columns made up of concentric bony layers surrounding the haversian canal

A

Compact bone:

34
Q

haversian channel with the concentric bony lamellae

A

Haversian system -

35
Q

at right angle to the haversian canal

A

Volkmann’s channel -

36
Q

numerous minute interconnecting canals

A

Canaliculi -

37
Q

found between Haversian systems formed as a result of the continuous resorption and redeposition of bone

A

Interstitial lamellae -

38
Q

– found at the outermost portion of the compact bone that extends around the circumference of the shaft

A

Periosteal / External Circumferential Lamellae

39
Q

surrounds the central medullary cavity

A

Endosteal / Inner Circumferential Lamellae –

40
Q

fibrous tissue covering the outersurface of the bone; bound to the underlying bone by Sharpey’s fibers

A

Periosteum –

41
Q

lines the central medullary cavity

A

Endosteum –

42
Q

Between lamellae are _________ in lacuna

A

osteocytes

43
Q

histogenesis of bone

A

Intramembranous Ossification – occurs directly in primitive CT

  1. Intracartilaginous / Endochondral Ossification – replacement of cartilage by bone
44
Q

histogenesis of bone

occurs directly in primitive CT

A

Intramembranous Ossification –

45
Q

histogenesis of bone

replacement of cartilage by bone

A
  1. Intracartilaginous / Endochondral Ossification –
46
Q

when bone arises in tissues not belonging to the skeletal system or in CT w/o osteogenic properties

A

Ectopic bone formation –

47
Q

Bone formation occurs directly in primitive CT w/o cartilage formation

Commonly seen in the flat bones of the face & skull

A

Intramembranous Ossification

48
Q

Involves the replacement of a cartilage model by bone

Cartilage destruction is a pre-requisite

Involves the bones of the entire skeletal system except the bones of the face & skull

A

Intracartilaginous / Endochondral Ossification

49
Q

Occurs later & appears at birth

Sequence of changes similar to that in the diaphyses

Less bone destruction & no formation of a single marrow cavity

What remains is spongy / cancellous bone with a thin plate of compact bone surrounding it

A

EPIPHYSEAL OSSIFICATION

50
Q

Imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation.

Reduced bone mineral density

Increased bone fragility & incidence of fracture

A

OSTEOPOROSIS

51
Q

Blood clot replaced by vascularized granulation tissues

Initial formation of provisional callus (hyaline cartilage) from granulation tissues

Provisional callus transformed into temporary callus that unites the fractured bone

A

bone repair

52
Q

Temporary callus is replaced by woven bone leading to a bony union of the fracture

Woven bone is transformed into compact bone and excess bone is resorbed.

A

bone repair

53
Q

Found in the marrow cavity of the diaphysis of long bones

Abundant fat cells – yellow color

Not active in hemopoiesis

A

yellow bone marrow

dHA 2nd year - Botanical medicine (57 decks)

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