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Biology 216 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the urinary system?

A

to sequester waste from the blood for removal while maintaining water and electrolyte balance.

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2
Q

About how many liters of blood do the kidneys filter a day?

A

5 L about 20 times a day.

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3
Q

Where is urine formed?

A

in the kidneys

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4
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A

posteriorly adjacent to the 12th rib

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5
Q

What is around the kidneys to protect them?

A

fatty deposits

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6
Q

Are the kidneys symmetrical?

A

no; the left is higher than the right

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7
Q

Where do the ureters carry the urine to?

A

urinary bladder

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8
Q

What exits the urinary bladder and takes the urine outside the body

A

urethra

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9
Q

What are the two regions of the kidneys?

A

renal cortex and renal medulla

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10
Q

What is the outer portion of the kidney?

A

renal cortex

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11
Q

What makes up the inner portion of the kidney and is arranged in renal pyramids?

A

renal medulla.

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12
Q

What separates the renal pyramids?

A

renal columns

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13
Q

What is the connective tissues sheath surrounding the kidney?

A

renal capsule.

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14
Q

Urine drains from the collecting duct into the renal _________.

A

papilla

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15
Q

urine drains from the renal papilla to the _________.

A

minor calyx.

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16
Q

urine then goes from the minor calyx to the ________.

A

major calyx.

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17
Q

After the urine exits the major calyx to the renal _____.

A

pelvis

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18
Q

After urine exits the renal pelvis, it goes to the ______ and then the __________

A

ureters; urinary bladder

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19
Q

what is the final passageway for urine?

A

Urethra —-> toilet.

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20
Q

What are the muscular tubes that transport urine from the kidney to the bladder?

A

Ureters

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21
Q

How do ureters transport urine?

A

peristalis

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22
Q

What are the two tissues that are found in the urinary bladder?

A

smooth muscle called detrusor and transitional epithelium.

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23
Q

What is the specialized muscle that will squeeze out urine when necessary?

A

detruosr.

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24
Q

What is the specialized muscle that will stretch to increase the volume?

A

Transitional Epithelium.

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25
Q

How much urine can the bladder store?

A

600-1000mL

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26
Q

When does the bladder signal to void?

A

at about 250mL

27
Q

What marks the point of an anatomical triangle?

A

The trigone,

28
Q

What is is a tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body?

A

The urethra

29
Q

What regulate the removal of urine?

A

Urethra sphincters

30
Q

What is the sphincter between the urinary bladder and the urethra; involuntary?

A

Internal urethral sphincter.

31
Q

What is the sphincter between the urethra and the outside of the body; voluntary?

A

External urethral sphincter

32
Q

How long is the mans urethra?

A

6-8 inches.

33
Q

How long is a woman’s urethra?

A

1-2 inches.

34
Q

What are the three parts of a male’s urethra?

A

prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and penile urethra.

35
Q

Where is the external urethral sphincter in the male’s urethra?

A

In the membranous urethral (Intermediate)

36
Q

What is the process of removing wastes and excess material from the body?

A

excretion

37
Q

What will the kidneys remove?

A

excess solutes like Na+, Cl-, K+, and H+, nitrogenous wastes, and water.

38
Q

What is the process of reclaiming solutes and water from the urinary system back into the blood?

A

reabsorption

39
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney

A

nephrons

40
Q

What is the pathway to the kidney?

A
  1. Renal Artery
  2. Segmental Artery
  3. Lobar Artery
  4. Interlobar Artery
  5. Arcuate Artery
  6. Interlobular Artery
  7. Afferent Arterioles
41
Q

What is the pathway from the kidney?

A
  1. glomerular capillary bed.
  2. efferent arteriole
  3. interlobular veins
  4. arcuate vein
  5. interlobar vein.
  6. renal vein
  7. heart.
42
Q

how many nephrons are there in a kidney?

A

1 million

43
Q

What are the three purposes that occur within the nephron to form urine?

A

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

44
Q

What is the purpose of PCT?

A

reabsorbing glucose into the peritubular capillaries.

45
Q

What is the purpose of the loop of Henle?

A

Absorbs water and NaCl and aids in regulating final urine volume.

46
Q

What is the goal of DCT?

A

absorbs water, salts andother nutrients, and secretes wates that escapes filtration.

47
Q

What does the collecting duct do?

A

nothing to do with secretion or absrbtion.

48
Q

What is the first portion of the nephron?

A

Bowman’s capsule

49
Q

What surrounds the glomerulus?

A

Bowman’s capsule.

50
Q

What occurs at the Bowman’s capsule?

A

filtration.

51
Q

What happens to any portion of the blood that is too large to pass into the nephron?

A

IT will move through the efferent arteriole to stay in the blood stream.

52
Q

Which one is bigger, the afferent arteriole or the efferent arteriole?

A

The afferent arteriole.

53
Q

Where does reabsorption occur?

A

in the primary convoluted tubule (PCT).

54
Q

What occurs in the Loop of Henle?

A

Water and NaCl balance.

55
Q

Where is urine concentrated?

A

In the Loop of Henle

56
Q

Where does secretion happen?

A

At the distal convoluted tubule

57
Q

What is the movement of substances from the blood stream into the lumen of the nephron?

A

secretion.

58
Q

What are some secreted substances?

A

medication, drugs, chemicals, toxins, and ions

59
Q

Where is the final product of urine collected?

A

in the collecting duct

60
Q

What is the pathway of urine?

A

renal papilla -> minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureters -> urinary bladder -> urethra -> toilet.

61
Q

What do the juxtaglomerular cells do?

A

detect BP.

62
Q

what detects ion concentration?

A

Maculla densa

63
Q

What regulates urine volume and concentration?

A

the apparatus.

Biology 216 (7 decks)

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