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Biology 216 > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the female reproduction system?

A

Produce gametes for propagation and hormones for female sex characteristics

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2
Q

What is the production of eggs via meiosis?

A

Oogenesis

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3
Q

What are the two rounds of cells division that turn a diploid cell into a haploid cell?

A

Meiosis

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4
Q

What type of cell has two copies of each chromosome?

A

Diploid cell

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5
Q

What type of cell has only one copy of each chromosome?

A

A Haploid Cell

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6
Q

What produces two identical diploid daughter cells (clones)?

A

Mitosis

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7
Q

What produces four haploid genetically different cells?

A

Meiosis

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8
Q

When does Oogenesis begin?

A

BEFORE BIRTH and matures each month

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9
Q

Before birth what is the “start cell”?

A

Oogonium (diploid)

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10
Q

What is arrested in prophase I?

A

1 degree Oocyte

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11
Q

After birth, what is stimulated to continue meiosis?

A

The primary oocyte

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12
Q

What is arrested in metaphase II until fertilization?

A

Second degree oocyte

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13
Q

What is the completed product of meiosis II?

A

a mature ovum (haploid)

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14
Q

Where does oogenesis occur?

A

In the ovaries

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15
Q

During ovulation, how many ovum are released?

A

only one

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16
Q

What sweeps the egg from the ovary into the fallopian tubes?

A

The fimbrae

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17
Q

How does the egg travel through the fallopian tube?

A

infundibulum, ampulla, and the isthmus.

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18
Q

Where do the fallopian tubes lead to?

A

Uterus

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19
Q

How does the egg exit if it is not fertilized?

A

the cervix

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20
Q

Where does the cervix lead to?

A

the vaginal canal

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21
Q

What is the last part of the female reproductive system that exits the body?

A

The vaginal canal

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22
Q

What are the three regions of the uterus that go from superficial to deep?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

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23
Q

What is the smooth muscle of the uterus that contracts during labor?

A

the myometrium

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24
Q

What is the epithelial lining/tissue that will shed during menses?

A

Endometrium

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25
Q

What is the curve on the superior portion of the uterus?

A

The fundus.

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26
Q

What holds the ovary to the uterus?

A

Ovarian Ligament

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27
Q

What ligament of the uterus attaches the ovary to the body wall?

A

Suspensory Ligament of the Ovary

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28
Q

What is the ligament of the uterus that connects ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes?

A

The broad ligament

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29
Q

What portion of the broad ligament supports the ovaries?

A

Mesovarium portion

30
Q

What is the portion of the broad ligament that supports the uterus?

A

Mesomentrium portion.

31
Q

What ligament of the uterus to the anterior body wall?

A

Round ligament

32
Q

What ligament of the uterus attaches the uterus to the posterior body wall?

A

uterosacral ligament

33
Q

What is the external genitalia of the female?

A

Vulva

34
Q

What is the fat pad that acts as a cushion during intercourse?

A

Mons pubis

35
Q

What surrounds and protects the vestibule?

A

Labia majora and minora

36
Q

What is the region between the vulva and anus?

A

The perineum

37
Q

What structures are in the vestibule?

A

Clitoris external urethral oriface, greater and lesser vestibular glands.

38
Q

What has more nerve endings, the penis or clitoris?

A

The clitoris has twice as many as the penis

39
Q

how is the clitoris bisected?

A

Corpus cavernosa, and the crus clitoris

40
Q

How are the genitals developed and differentiated between male and female?

A

Differentiation is dependent on hormonal stimulation.

41
Q

What are two disorders that deal with ambiguous genitalia?

A

Micropenis and Clitoromegaly

42
Q

What is the coordination of two seperate but interdependent cycles?

A

The menstrual cycle

43
Q

What is the goal of the ovarian and the uterine cycle?

A

to produce a mature egg and deliver it to the prepared uterus

44
Q

What day of the cycle marks the beginning of the ovarian cycle where about a dozen primordial follicles (containing primary oocytes) develop into primary follicles by completing meiosis I

A

Day 0

45
Q

What day of the cycle is responsible for the growth of the primary follicle?

A

Day 1-13

46
Q

What day of the cycle is ovulation?

A

Day 14

47
Q

What is when the secondary oocyte is released from the ovary?

A

Ovulation

48
Q

What happens during ovulation?

A

The egg goes to the fallopian tube and awaits fertilization by sperm

49
Q

What day of the ovarian cycle does the tertiary follicles degenerate into the corpus lutetum?

A

Day 15-25

50
Q

What secretes progesterone for 10 days?

A

Corpus lutetum

51
Q

What day of the ovarian cycle does the unfertilized egg leave the corpus luteum and degrades it into corpus albicans?

A

Day 26-28

52
Q

What are the three phases of the uterine cycle?

A

Menstrual phase
Proliferative phase
Secretory phase

53
Q

What is the day of the uterine cycle does menses occur?

A

Day 0-6

54
Q

What happens at the menstrual phase?

A

The shedding of the endometrium layer

55
Q

What part of the uterine cycle does the endometrium thicken?

A

Proliferative phase which happens day 7-14

56
Q

When is the endometrium at its thickest?

A

Day 15-28; during the secretory phase

57
Q

What causes the endometrium to thicken?

A

progesterone.

58
Q

What happens if fertilization does not occue?

A

the fetus will secrete progesterone to sustain the corpus luteum until the placenta is formed

59
Q

How are the events in the ovary and uterus coordinted?

A

hormones of the hypothalamus, ovaries, and anterior pituitary gland

60
Q

What causes the follicle to grow?

A

FSH (during days 0-13)

61
Q

What triggers ovulation?

A

LH (during days 14)

62
Q

What is secreted by the ovaries to grow the endometrium and a decline triggers menses?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

63
Q

When are hormones at their all time low?

A

Day 28… this causes PMS

64
Q

What is the pathway of sperm into the female?

A

Sperm-> vagina -> fornix at the end of the vagina -> external cervical os -> cevix -> internal cervical os -> uterus -> fallopian tubes

65
Q

Where is the egg fertilized?

A

in the fallopian tubes within 24 hours of ovulatio.

66
Q

What is the fertilized egg called?

A

a zygote.

67
Q

What is the division of a zygote as it migrates to the uterus?

A

Zygote-2 cell stage - 4 cell stage- morulla- blastocyte.

68
Q

What occurs as the blastocyst uses enzymes to burrow into the endometrium on day 7?

A

Implantation

69
Q

What connects the baby to the placenta?

A

The umbilical cord.

70
Q

What is the part of the mother and allows for nutrient exchange?

A

The placenta.

71
Q

What are the mammary glands supposed to do?

A

Produce milk

72
Q

What are the parts of the boob that aid in milk production?

A

Mammary lobule
Lactiferous Duct
Lactiferous Sinus

Biology 216 (7 decks)

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