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Biology 385 > Dogfish Lab > Flashcards

Dogfish Lab Flashcards

1
Q

The dogfish has a __ tail.

A

heterocercal

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2
Q

The dogfish does not have a ___ fin.

A

anal

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3
Q

Sharks have ___ skeletons

A

cartilaginous

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4
Q

Why is it called a spiny dogfish?

A

spines in front of each dorsal fin

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5
Q

Sensory features of the dogfish

A
  • Ampullae of Lorenzini
  • Eyes (lateral)
  • Nares (ventral)
  • Lateral line
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6
Q

What are spiracles?

A

Modified gill slits; tissue closes over them during part of the respiratory cycle to prevent water from leaving

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7
Q

How many gill pouches in the dogfish?

A

five

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8
Q

What movement do pectoral fins control?

A

In the dorso-ventral plane

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9
Q

What do dorsal fins do?

A

stabilizers

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10
Q

What kind of scales does the shark have?

A

Placoid scales/denticles

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11
Q

The dogfish’s spines are enlarged versions of ___

A

denticles

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12
Q

Male sharks have these, females don’t

A

claspers

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13
Q

What are the seven visceral arches in the dogfish’s splanchnocranium?

A
  • mandibular
  • hyoid
  • five branchial

the first two are for the jaw, the others support interbranchial septa

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14
Q

Two types of vertebrae in the dogfish

A

trunk and caudal

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15
Q

One half of a dogfish gill

A

demibranch

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16
Q

The two halves of a dogfish gill, plus the related blood vessels, internal septum, muscles, and nerves

A

holobranch

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17
Q

Water flows ___ to blood flow in the dogfish

A

countercurrent

18
Q

How many chambers in the shark heart?

A

four

19
Q

Chambers of the shark heart

A
  1. sinus venosus
  2. atrium
  3. ventricle
  4. conus arteriosus
20
Q

The dogfish’s teeth are ____

A

homodont

21
Q

Dogfish have a tongue?

A

Not a true tongue, can’t move.

22
Q

The first gill slits

A

spiracular openings

23
Q

Two portions of the dogfish stomach

A

cardiac and pyloric

24
Q

rugae

A

longitudinal folds in shark stomach allowing expansion to accommodate larger pieces of food; sharks don’t chew

25
Q

Where is the spiral valve?

A

The ileum

26
Q

What does the spiral valve do?

A

Increases intestinal surface area (and length?) so more nutrients can be absorbed from the food

27
Q

How does the rectal gland help the shark osmoregulate?

A

Secretes NaCl with food waste

28
Q

2 bonus functions of the dogfish liver

A
  1. oil-rich, so help with buoyancy (low specific gravity)

2. the oils act as an energy store

29
Q

Are the urinary and reproductive systems in the dogfish considered separate?

A

No, they share common structures and have similar origins developmentally

30
Q

What are the two functional parts of the male dogifsh’s kidneys?

A

Anterior- includes epididymis and tubules that provide secretions to help with sperm transport
Posterior- excretory purposes

31
Q

Leydig’s gland

A

tubules of the ductus deferens in the middle 2/3 of the kidney

32
Q

What does the upper portion of the female dogfish’s kidney do?

A

non-functional

33
Q

Eggs are produced and released from the __. They move out of the ovary to the
__, the opening to the __ that also opens into the body cavity.

A

ovary
ostium
oviducts

34
Q

This gland secretes a thin shell around groups of eggs (2-3).

A

Shell gland

35
Q

enlargements of the caudal half of the oviduct that connect with the cloaca

A

uterus

36
Q

The sperm travel down the __, receiving secretions from Leydig’s gland, toward the cloaca

A

ductus

deferens

37
Q

The ductus
deferens starts out as the ___, which are responsible for urine transport
from the ____ to the cloaca; however, this function shifts when males reach maturity,
and urine transport transfers to the accessory ducts.

A

archinephric ducts

kidneys

38
Q

The archinephric ducts are __ in mature male dogfish.

A

highly coiled

39
Q

Fertilization in dogfish is___

A

internal

40
Q

Gestation time of dogfish

A

18-22 months, longest known for sharks

41
Q

Sexual maturity of dogfish

A

10 for males

16 for females

42
Q

Unique function of kidneys in sharks

A

Extract urea from the urine and return it to the blood to regulate osmotic pressure

Biology 385 (10 decks)

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