Gluteal region and posterior thigh

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

What are the anatomical boundaries of the gluteal region?

Answer 9

Iliac crest creates the superior boundary. Gluteal sulcus creates the inferior aspect. Located posteriorly to the pelvis.

Question 10

What holds the pelvis together? Give examples

Answer 10

Ligaments;

Sacrotuberous (continuous with post. sacroiliac lig) extends across sciatic notch along with sacrospinous ligament. Converts notch into greater and lesser sciatic foramina.

Question 11

What structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 11

lower limb arteries and nerves i.e sciatic nerve

Question 12

What structures pass through the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 12

Structures entering or leaving the perineum

Question 13

What ligament extends between the ASIS and pubic tubercle?

Answer 13

Inguanal ligament

Question 14

What are the rotators of the femur?

Answer 14

Piriformis

Obturator internus

Gemelli (sup. and Inf.)

Quadratus femoris

Question 15

What are the abductors of the femur found in the pelvis?

Answer 15

Gluteus medius and minimus

Question 16

What is the function of the gluetus maximus?

Answer 16

Hip extensor

Question 17

What are the muscles of the posterior thigh compartment?

Answer 17

Biceps femoris

Semitendinous

Semimembranous

Adductor magnus

Question 18

What are the origins of the post. compartment muscles?

Answer 18

Biceps femoris; Long head, Ischial tuberosity, Short head, Linea aspera.

Semitendinous, Ischial tuberosity

Semimembranous, ischial tuberosity

Adductor magnus, Adductor part, inferior pubic ramus, hamstring part, ischial tuberosity.

Question 19

What gives rise to the gluteal arteries?

Answer 19

Internal iliac art gives rise to the gluteal arteries.

Question 20

Describe the route of the sciatic nerve;

Answer 20

Sciatic nerve exits under the gluteal maximus, inferior to piriformis. Splits in the distal thigh (although can be much higher, imp consideration for surgery) into tibial and peroneal (fibular) components.

Question 21

What is trendelenburg gait?

Answer 21

Injury to gluteus medius or its nerve, sup. gluteal nerve, results in this characteristic gait. - Affected side tilts down and during the swing phase of gait the person must lean on the affected side to clear the unaffected leg.

Question 22

What is trochanteric bursitis?

Answer 22

Ischial bursitis arises from glut max fibres rubbing over the greater trochanter. i.e stair climbing

Question 23

What is it called when the origin/insertion of the muscles becomes unattached?

Answer 23

Avulsion

Question 24

What is piriformis syndrome?

Answer 24

Piriformis compresses the sciatic nerve, causing pain tingling and numbness along the path of the sciatic nerve