Skin

Question 1

what to assess in skin cancer lesion

Answer 1

Asymmetry
Border
Colour
Diameter

The ugly duckling sign

Question 2

Ix in malignant melanoma

Answer 2

Exam
FNA
staging CT
Wide local excision

Question 3

define malignant melanoma

Answer 3

a malignant tumour arising from melanocytes

Question 4

what is the vertical growth phase

Answer 4

the tumour cells are invading into the dermis. The tumour shows invasive growth and has metastatic potential

Question 5

RFs for malignant melanoma

Answer 5

fair skin (fair or red hair; lots of freckles)
sun exposure (UV-A and UV-B): amount of sun exposure, sun burn
sunbeds

Question 6

are melanoma graded?

Answer 6

nope- all high grade

Question 7

how are melanoma’s staged

Answer 7

TNM

Question 8

what is the most important prognostic indicator in TNM

Answer 8

Breslow thickness

Question 9

do melanomas respond well to chemo and radiotherapy?

Answer 9

Nope

Question 10

what is acral melanoma?

Answer 10

Occurs on the palms, soles and under the nails (subungual)
It is the most common form of melanoma in Asian and Black ethnic groups
It does not appear to be linked to sun exposure

Question 11

what is the most common type of skin cancer?

Answer 11

basal cell carcinoma

Question 12

clinical appearance of basal cell carcinoma

Answer 12

typically a nodule with a pearly appearance. There may be central umbilication or ulceration

Question 13

RFs for squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 13

fair skin and UV radiation exposure
immunosuppression (high incidence of SCC post renal transplant)
chronic skin ulcers (Marjolin ulcers)

Question 14

what is actinic keratosis?

Answer 14

dysplasia of the skin