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BIO 152 > Chapter 29- seedless vascular and nonvascular plants > Flashcards

Chapter 29- seedless vascular and nonvascular plants Flashcards

1
Q

what is the common ancestor of plants?

A

Charophyte

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2
Q

What are some similarities between charophyte and plants?

A
  1. Both contain cellulose in their cell wall
  2. both store starches for energy
  3. both have similar flagellated sperm and nonmotile eggs
  4. both possess plasmodesmata
  5. both perform cytokinesis
  6. both have same pigments
  7. strong genetic DNA evidence of common ancestry.
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3
Q

What does cytokinesis form?

A

it forms phragmoplast.

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4
Q

What is phragmoplast?

A

It is a set of microtubules that allows green algae and plants to send vesicles to form cell plate

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5
Q

Where does the cell membrane and cell wall come form?

A

They come from cell plate as cell divide after mitosis.

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6
Q

What is apical meristem?

A

It is a region which give rise to undifferentiated tissues. which allows plants to continuously grow and forms new tissues.

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7
Q

What a distinguishing feature about the reproductive cells?

A

They have well protected wall for dispersal by air.

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8
Q

What are the three features of the plant embryo?

A
  1. multicellular and diploid
  2. retained on the gametophyte.
  3. depends on organic and mineral materials supplied by mother placental transfer tissue.
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9
Q

What is the placental transfer tissue?

A

They are fingerlike cell wall ingrowth.

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10
Q

What is the function of placental transfer tissue?

A

They transfer nutrient from gametophyte to embryo

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11
Q

What type of nutrient does placental transfer tissue transfer?

A

They transfer dissolved sugar, amino acid, and mineral.

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12
Q

What are some key characteristic about bryophyte?

A
  1. small, primitive, and simple plants that lacks true leave and root.
  2. require moist habitat to live.
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13
Q

Are they gametophyte or sporophyte dominant?

A

They are gametophyte dominant unlike other plant.

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14
Q

Does bryophyte require water for fertilization?

A

YES.

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15
Q

Where do liverwort plants live?

A

They live in rocky wet mountain.

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16
Q

How does moses benefit it environment?

A

They may prevent erosion and they develop rich organic soil.

17
Q

What is gametangia?

A

It inhouses the gametes produced by gametophyte.

18
Q

What is the function gametangia?

A

it protects gametes from drying out and microbial attack.

19
Q

What is sporangia?

A

It inhouses spores.

20
Q

What is the function of sporopollenin?

A

It helps prevent damage of spores during air dispersal.

21
Q

What is tracheophyte?

A

It is a vascular plant.

22
Q

What are key features of seedless vascular plant?

A
  1. sporophyte generation dominates and may become independent of the reduced gametophyte.
  2. unlike bryophyte, the sporophyte are branched.
  3. possess plant organs such as, leaves, root, and stems.
23
Q

What specialized conducting tissues does vascular seedless plants have?

A

They have:

  1. Xylem: conduct water and mineral from root and stem to leaves
  2. phloem: conduct sugar from the photosynthetic leaves
24
Q

What is the function of root?

A
  1. uptake of water and mineral from soil

2. provide support

25
Q

What is the function of stem?

A
  1. contain vascular tissues
  2. cell wall contain lignin for structural support
  3. produces leaves and reproductive tissues.
26
Q

What is the function of leaves?

A

They provide surface area for capturing sunlight for photosynthesis.

27
Q

What are the adaptations of vascular plants that conserve water?

A
  1. size of plants
  2. three dimensional structure
  3. waxy cuticle on most surfaces
  4. stomata
28
Q

How does the size of plant help conserve water?

A

large size help withstand drought and mechanical stress.

29
Q

How does the three dimensional structure help conserve water?

A

low area to volume ratio reduces the evaporative water loss.

30
Q

How does waxy cuticle help conserve water?

A

prevent desiccation and pathogen attack.

31
Q

How does stomata help conserve water?

A

They are found on stem and leaves, and they are pores that can be opened and closed to permit gas exchange while minimizing water loss.

BIO 152 (11 decks)

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