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Abnormal Psych > CH. 7 Depressive and Bipolar Disorders > Flashcards

CH. 7 Depressive and Bipolar Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

4 Symptom Domains

A 
-Mood: long lasting 
EX. depression
-cognitive 
-behavioral 
-physiological
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2
Q

Emotion

A

-temporary

EX. sad, happy

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3
Q

Major depressive disorder

MDD

A 
5-9 symptoms for 2 weeks
DSM: -depressed mood most of the day
-changes of pleasure
-weight changes  
-sleep problems 
-more agitated/ restless 
-drop in energy 
-feelings of worthlessness 
-recurrent thoughts of death
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4
Q

Ruling out other disorders: MDD

A
  • categorical & dimension (severity)
  • specifiers, season affective disorder
  • post partum
  • catatonia ( psychomotor minimization)
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5
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

A
  • depressed mood that lasted for more than 2 yrs

- less severe but more long term

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6
Q

Premenstraul Dysphoric Disorder

A
  • understudied bc didnt want to pathologize
  • 5 symptoms present 1 wk before the onset of menses, improve 5 days after

DSM:

  • fatigue
  • sleep
  • irritability
  • deceased interest in activities
  • associated w clinical distress, not just an exacerbation
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7
Q

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation

A
  • present for at least 1 yr
  • children/adolescents (age 6-18yrs)
  • behavioral patterns misdiagnosed
  • tied w puberty
  • tied to outburst occurring several times a week (irritable/angry throughout the day)
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8
Q

Mania (mood)

A 
-elevated states 
DSM: 
-1 wk & 3 symptoms 
-inflated / grandiose 
-rested only 3 hours 
-more talkative 
-easily distracted 
-impulsive (goal directed activity)

-not due to a drug or sleep deprivaton

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9
Q

Bipolar Disorder I (mood)

-both male and female are about the same in prevalence

A
  • 1 full manic episode

- could be co-occuring w depression

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10
Q

Bipolar Disorder II (mood)

A

-depressed episodes AND hypomania

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11
Q

Hypomania (mood)

A

-elevate but not quite as severe as mania
DSM:
-at least 4 days symptoms

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12
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder (mood)

A

-2 yrs or more of mild (hypomanic) & mild depression

DSM: symptoms of MDD, manic, or hypomanic have NEVER been met

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13
Q

Etiology: Depression

A

Social:

  • lack of social support
  • women report vs men dont
  • Females socialized to talk about their problems
  • neglect, maltreatment, parental loss
Biological 
-SSRIs decrease REM cycle 
-predisposition 
-frontal lobes shut down 
-shorter alleles 
lower levels of serotonin & dopamine & cortisol (higher levels = higher depression) 
-more reactive to stress 
-hippocampus smaller

Socio-Culture

  • cultural views
  • racial discrimination
  • usually a overgeneralization
  • tending & befriending

Psychological
-insufficient reinforces, negative thoughts, self blame & guilt
rumination

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14
Q

Permissive hypothesis

A
  • SSRI (Zoloft, Lexapro, Prozac, Paxil)
  • serotonin regulation (gate keeper)
  • balanced = neurotransmitters balanced as well
  • dropped = dropped neurotransmitters
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15
Q

Learned Helplessness

Seligman

A

-develop a depressed or pessimistic thinking

3 components (attributions: assigning a cause)

  • internal (blame themselves)
  • global: failing everything
  • stable: this is who i am

> > teach ppl to argue w themselves
-gather evidence > CBT

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16
Q

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

-Aaron Beck

A
  • cognitive triad w depression
  • negative contributions to self, the world, and future is dark and bleak
  • may need medication in order to start rehab

Ex Alcoholism : might be stable but is it changeable

17
Q

Treatment: Depression, Biological

A

-medications
to help moderate or certain periods of time
-2-8 wks effects w side effects that become more minimal
(sexual, sleep)
-never take multiple at at time due to bad interactions

ECT (shock therapy not responding to other treatments)

  • just depression, under sedation
  • puts the brain into normal rhythm or normal neurotransmitter

TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)

  • newer experimental treatment
  • less invasive
  • potential benefit
18
Q

Effexor

“atypicals”

A

-mixed reuptake inhibitor
-more broader based = more side effects
> Wellbutin (few sexual side effects, decrease urges for smoking)

19
Q

Tricyclics

A

-noepinephrine reuptake

EX. NE-RI

20
Q

MAOIs

A 
Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitor 
-breaking down neurotransmitters 
-what if too much ? 
then inhibit it 
EX. parnate 
-significant interactions w specific foods (alc & cheese, meats)
21
Q

Treatment : Bipolar Disorder

A

-mood stabilizer drugs
EX. lithium
-mania levels monitored by blood test (naturally produced salt)
- antipsychotics

22
Q

Treatment:

Depression, psychological

A

CBT

  • maladaptive beliefs
  • Socratic > Hypothesis testing : challenging thoughts

Behavior Activation Therapy (operant)

  • setting up reward
  • positive thinking & behavior “its going to be a good day”
  • gaining evidence

Interpersonal Therapy (family)

  • component of CBT
  • role of relationships in our life
  • hurts w/o social support system

Mindfulness

  • being present
  • yesterday is not longer reality
  • what do i need to do to make myself healthier ?
  • make changes today for a better tomrw and future
  • motivation
23
Q

Sx

  • 10th leading cause of death
  • 1 in 25 ppl complete
A

-intentional, direct, and conscious
-thoughts, ideation, plan, attempt, commit
-different types: protective, altruistic
-progression of thoughts
18% college students
8-14% attemped

  • prevention
  • white
  • older
  • adolescents : increasing rates
24
Q

Common characteristics : Sx

A

-belief that things will never change
-trying to solve as what they perceive as unend tolerable pain
> tunnel vision
-many painful things are temporary
-risk factors
-substance abuse
-hopelessness, impulsivity, access to methods
-well protected & prevented
-finding reason to live

25
Q

Multipath Model: Sx

A

Biological

  • alcohol
  • sleep
  • physical illness/disability

Psychological

  • mental illness
  • hopelessness
  • psychache (emptiness)
  • impulsivity

SocialCultural

  • isolation
  • bullying
  • loss of partner
Social 
-economic problems 
-male (commit)  vs female (attempt)
-firearms 
suicide contagion
26
Q

Prevention: Sx

A

Assess

  • communication some type of info (info, giving away possession)
  • alcohol

Determine Lethality

  • Low > Moderate > High
  • imminent threat to themselves (hospitalization)
Interventions:  
-hotline 
-ask about someone if they thought about it 
-support to any person in distress 
-crisis management 
-reduce stress and get back to life 
CDT 
CBT

Abnormal Psych (9 decks)

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