Lab #2

Question 1

Angiography

Answer 1

• Live imagining of arteries and veins
• Uses an intravenous injection of a radio-opaque dye
• X-ray imaging

Question 2

Cerebrovascular Disease prevalance

Answer 2

Most common cause of death after heart disease and cancer

Question 3

Anterior Choroidal Artery territory

Answer 3

• posterior limb of the internal capsule
• choroid plexus
• optic tract
• bits of thalamus & BG
• hippocampus
• amygdala

Question 4

Insula is innervated by

Answer 4

MCA M2

Question 5

PCA stroke would affect which modality the most?

Answer 5

Vision

Question 6

ACA territory

Answer 6

Medial and superior surface of frontal and parietal lobes

Question 7

MCA territory

Answer 7

• Lateraly surgace of frontal and parietal lobes, and superolateral surgace of the temporal lobes
• M1 lenticulostriates = basal ganglia

Question 8

PCA territory

Answer 8

Inferior surface of teh temporal and occipital lobes, and medial surface of the occipital lobes

Question 9

Atherosclerosis

Answer 9

• Hardening of the arteries, often seen in basilar artery
• Due to thickened patches of atheroma (lump)
• You can observe atherosclerotic plaques

Question 10

Labyrinthine Arteries

Answer 10

• Arise from AICA
• Supply inner ear
• Run with the 7th and 8th cranial nerves

Question 11

Pontine arteries

Answer 11

Short circumferential branches from the basilar artery

Question 12

Long circumferential branches

Answer 12

• AICA
• SCA
• Coming off of basilar artery

Question 13

Locked-In Syndrome

Answer 13

Syndrome caused by pontine Stroke from basilar paramedian branch infarct

Question 14

Ischemic Stroke

Answer 14

• Occlusion (bloackage) of one of the cerebral arteries
• Blood supply is interrupted; loss of O2 and nutrients to brain tissue

Question 15

Why are left sided strokes more common?

Answer 15

Clots can form in the left auricle of teh heart, particularly during atrial fibrilation; emoboli more commonly ascend the left common carotid artery.

Question 16

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Answer 16

• Rupture of an artery due to vascular disease and hypertension
• Commonly involve a lateral lenticulostriate artery of M1 MCA
  
  • Often leads to blood in the lateral ventricles
• Space-occupying

Question 17

Aneurysm

Answer 17

• Small sac-like protrusion from the arterial walls
• Can rupture and will bleed into subarachnoid cisterns

Question 18

Lacunar Infarct

Answer 18

• Small areas of brain damage, usually the result of vascular disease affecting cerebral arterioles.
• Most commonly found in BG, internal capsule, and pons

Question 19

Sphincter pupillae

Answer 19

CN III Smooth Muscle

Question 20

CN III Location

Answer 20

• Between PCA and SCA, then follows the PCOM
  
  • So, PCOM aneurysms commonly cause 3rd nerve palsy (down + out)

Question 21

Superior Oblique is innervated by

Answer 21

Trochelar Nerve (CN 4)

Question 22

CN IV Palsy

Answer 22

• Eye extorts
• Pt tilts head to compensate
• Pt experiences vertical diplopia

Question 23

CNs susceptible to tentorial herniation

Answer 23

3, 4

Question 24

CN 5 Components

Answer 24

Large sensory root, small separate motor root

Question 25

CN 6 Muscle

Answer 25

Lateral rectus

Question 26

Nervus intermedius

Answer 26

Sensory root of the facial nerve (proprioception from face)

Question 27

CNs coming out of post-olivary sulcus

Answer 27

9, 10

Question 28

CN coming out of pre-olivary sulcus

Answer 28

12

Question 29

Hypoglossal nerve damage

Answer 29

Unilateral tongue movement deficit on ipsilateral side (tongue points to damaged side)

Question 30

Which artery is infarcted when lateral ventricles are filled with blood?

Answer 30

Lenticulostriate arteries (M1 of MCA) = artery of cerebral hemorrhage of Charcot