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FN Lab Practical > Lab #3.1 > Flashcards

Lab #3.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Striatum

A
  • Putamen + Caudate Nucleus
  • Contain MSNs that synthesize, release GABA (inhibitory)
    • D1: project to GPi
    • D2: project to GPe
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2
Q

Corpus striatum

A

Putamen + caudate nucleus (because they have the anterior internal capsule in between them)

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3
Q

Lentiform Nucleus

A
  • Putamen + globus pallidus
  • Encapsulated by:
    • External capsule laterally
    • Internal capsule medially
  • Resides medial to the insular cortex
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4
Q

Caudate nucleus

A
  • Runs in lateral wall of the lateral ventricle
  • Part of the striatum (with the putamen)
  • Input area of the BG
  • Motor function
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5
Q

Basal Ganglia Components

A
  1. Caudate Nucleus
  2. Putamen
  3. Globus Pallidus
  4. Nucleus Accumbens
  5. Olfactory Tubercle
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6
Q

Thalamus is lateral to

A

IIIrd ventricle

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7
Q

Internal Capsule parts, functions

A
  • Carries fibers to/from cerebral cortex
  • Anterior limb: descending fronto-pontine fibers
    • Major input to cerebellum
  • Genu: descending corticobulbar fibers
    • Brainstem motor nuclei muscles
  • Posterior limb: descending corticospinal fibers
    • Motor in SC
    • And all other corticopontine fibers other than fronto
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8
Q

Corpus Callosum Parts

A
  • Genu (anterior)
  • Spleium (posterior)
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9
Q

External Capsule

A
  • Contains cortico-cortical associatoin fibers (Axons connecting different parts of the cortex on the same side)
  • Located lateral to the putamen, medial to the claustrum
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10
Q

Extreme Capsule

A
  • Another cortico-cortical association bundle
  • Lateral to the claustrum, medial to the insular cortex
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11
Q

Claustrum

A
  • Gray matter sandwiched between medial external and lateral extreme capsule
  • Neurons here play a role in multisensory integration
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12
Q

Optic Radiation

A
  • White matter bundle running posteriorly away from the posterior limb of the internal capsule
  • Connects the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus to the primary viual cortex in the occipital lobe
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13
Q

Lenticulostriate arteries of M1 (MCA) supply…

A
  • Putamen, globus pallidus (lentiform nucleus)
  • Body of caudate nucleus
  • Basically all of internal capsule high up (dorsal)
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14
Q

Recurrent artery of Heubner (ACA deep branch) supplies…

A
  • Head of caudate nucleus
  • Anterior limb of internal capsule
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15
Q

Anterior choroidal arteries supply…

A
  • Genu and posterior limb of internal capsule
  • Innermost part of globus pallidus
  • Hippocampus
  • Tail of caudate nucleus
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16
Q

Thalamus blood supply

A

PCA

17
Q

Crus Cerebri

A

Cerebral peduncle edge

18
Q

Septum pellucidum

A

Membrane separating the lateral ventricles

19
Q

Ventral pallidum

A
  • Extension of GPe
    • Indirect = no-go pathway using STN
  • Portion of globus pallidus that’s below the anterior commissure in coronal view
20
Q

Ventral striatum

A
  • Components:
    • nucleus accumbens
    • olfactory tubercle
  • Function: reward system
  • Portion of the striatum below the anterior commissure in the coronal view
21
Q

Corona Radiata

A

Descending corticobulbospinal fibers from the cortex

Cortex > IC > crus cerebri > basis pontis > pyramids

22
Q

Computed tomography

A
  • Combines multiple x-rays from different angles
  • Looks at bone, constrast-enhanced soft tissue, acute bleeding
  • Good for imaing basic shape of brain, ventricles
  • Bright = bone, blood
  • Dark = edema, air, CSF
  • Pros: easily available, fast
  • Con: high radiation
23
Q

Magnetic Resonance (MR)

A
  • Hydrogen nuclei absorb, release engergy after being aligned with an external magnetic field
  • Images are based on photon energy, based on water concentration (weights)
  • T1: fat/myeling appears bright, tissue appears dark. Lesions often do not show up
  • T2: water/tissue is bright, fat appears dark. Lesions & CSF appear bright.
  • FLAIR: T2 image where CSF is rendered dark, lesions are therefore distinct.
    • Hours for new lesion to show up
    • Stroke stays visible forever
24
Q

What kind of scan is this?

A
  • MRI, T1
  • CSF = dark
  • White matter = light
  • Gray matter - gray
25
Q

What kind of scan is this?

A
  • MRI T2
  • CSF = bright
  • White matter = dark gray
  • Gray matter = light gray
26
Q

What kind of scan is this?

A
  • MRI FLAIR (T2)
  • CSF = dark
  • White matter = dark gray
  • Gray matter = light gray
  • Best for seeing lesions
    • But can’t tell if they’re old or new
      • For new, use DWI
27
Q

Diffusion Weighted Imaging

A
  • Type of MRI
  • Low resolution
  • But acute strokes show up brighter than chronic
  • Includes DTI which shows white matter tractography
28
Q

Corpus Callosum Components

A
  • Rostrum (anterior edge)
  • Genu (anterior bend)
  • Splenium (posterior edge)

FN Lab Practical (6 decks)

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