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Derm > Dermatopathology > Flashcards

Dermatopathology Flashcards

1
Q

3 main layers of the skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutis (hypodermis)

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2
Q

Sebaceous glands, arrector pili, hair follicle, and eccrine coil (sweat glands) are all located in which layer of the skin?

A

Dermis

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3
Q

Layers of the epidermis

A

Stratum Corneum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale

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4
Q

Layer of epidermis; made up of multiple layers of flattened keratinized, non-nucleated cells to provide a barrier against trauma and infection; regulates water loss

A

Stratum Corneum

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5
Q

Layer of epidermis; contains keratohyalin granules; forms cornified cell envelope (lipids that are produced by keratinocytes and secreted into extracellular space) which serves as a water barrier

A

Stratum Granulosum

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6
Q

Layer of epidermis; has a “spiny” appearance due to desmosomal junctions holding keratinocytes together

A

Stratum Spinosum

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7
Q

What makes the Stratum Spinosum look “spiny”

A

Desmosomal junctions between keratinocytes to hold them together

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8
Q

Layer of epidermis; source of mitotically active keratinocytes to replenish the epidermis that is shed

A

Stratum Basale

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9
Q

It takes _________ for basal cells tor reach the stratum corneum and another _______ to shed

A

2 weeks; 2 weeks (about 30 days)

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10
Q

minority cell in epidermis; staggered around the basal layer; produce pigment (melanin)

A

Melanocytes

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11
Q

minority cell in epidermis; dendritic cell that acts as antigen presenting cells of the skin; important for the induction of DELAYED-type hypersensitivity (allergic contact; poison oak)

A

Langerhans Cells

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12
Q

What intercellular junction prevent water loss and is made up of claudins and occludins?

A

Tight junctions

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13
Q

What intercellular junction attaches to actin and is made of cadherins and plakoglobin?

A

Adherens junctions

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14
Q

What intercellular junction attaches to keratin and is made of desmogleins, desmocollins, and plakoglobin?

A

Desmosomes

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15
Q

What intercellular junction serves as intercellular communication and is made of connexons?

A

gap junctions

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16
Q

What junction attaches the keratinocytes of the epidermis to the connective tissue/extracellular matrix in the dermis?

A

Hemidesmosomes

17
Q

What disease is caused by autoantibodies against hemidesmosomes?

A

Bullous pemphigoid

18
Q

What disease is caused by inherited defects of hemidesmosomes?

A

epidermolysis bullosa

19
Q

What diseases are caused by autoantibodies against desmogleins of desmosomes?

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

Pemphigus foliaceus

20
Q

Hyperkeratosis (more stratum corneum), parakeratosis (retention of nuclei in s. corneum), and acanthosis (thickening of epidermis, spinosum) are characteristics of

A

Psoriasis

21
Q

Acanthosis can also be found in

A

seborrheic keratoses

22
Q

Papillomatosis (undulating of epidermis) is characteristic of

A

Viral wart (verruca)

23
Q

Hypergranulosis (thickening of s. granulosum) is characteristic of

A

Lichen simplex chronicus

Lichen Planus

24
Q

Spongiosis (edematous fluid in intercellular space in the epidermis) is characteristic of

A

atopic dermatitis (eczema)

25
Q

Lichenoid (band-like infiltrate of lymphocytic cells and sawtooth epidermal retes) is characteristic of

A

lichen planus

26
Q

Acantholysis (loss of intercellular connections, desmosomes) is characteristic of

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

Pemphigus Foliaceus

27
Q

autoimmune disease against hemidesmosomes holding Stratum Basale to the Dermis; will cause blisters and bullae

A

Bullous Pemphigoid

28
Q

Dysplasia in the skin caused by UV exposure

A

Actinic Keratosis

29
Q

Type of skin cancer caused by thickening of full epidermis

A

Squamous cell carcinoma in situ

30
Q

Type of skin cancer caused by thickening of full epidermis and penetration into dermis

A

Invasive squamous cell carcinoma

31
Q

Accumulation of keratin debris forming a dome-shaped lump or tumor

A

Keratoacanthoma

32
Q

Most common form of skin cancer; arise from S. basal keratinocytes; basophilic

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

33
Q

Aka. mole; is a common benign skin lesion due to a local proliferation of pigment cells (melanocytes); normal nuclei

A

Nevus

34
Q

a type of skin cancer that occurs when pigment producing cells called melanocytes mutate and begin to divide uncontrollably; pleomorphic nuclei

A

Melanoma

35
Q

layer of skin; thick layer that is flexible but tough; contains blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, sweat glands and hair follicles

A

Dermis

36
Q

cell located in the dermis; responsible for synthesis and degradation of connective tissue; instrumental in wound healing

A

Fibroblast

37
Q

cell located in the dermis; immune cell responsible for IMMEDIATE-type hypersensitivity (urticaria)

A

Mast cells

38
Q

Difference between Langerhans and Mast cells (location and function)

A

Langerhans Cells: in epidermis, DELAYED-type hypersensitivity
Mast Cells: in dermis, IMMEDIATE-type hypersensitivity

39
Q

layer of skin; fat layer that separates the dermis from the deeper underlying structures (fascia and muscle); insulates body, energy supply, cushion and protects skin

A

Subcutis

Derm (13 decks)

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